Term
| major sources of input controlling vomiting |
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Definition
| Visceral and extramedullary sources; chemoreceptor trigger zone |
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Term
| stomach, GI tract, bile duct, sensory organs; signal brain to induce vomiting (ex: distention, bile duct stone, specific odors) |
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Definition
| Visceral and extramedullary sources |
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Term
| chemical reception center; drugs, hormones, electrolyte imbalance; once stimulated, signals vomition center to commence firing |
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Definition
| Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ) |
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Term
| Prokinetic used for nausea/vomiting |
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Definition
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Term
| MOA: very complex! blocks dopamine in CTZ, increases upper GI motility w/out increasing gastric, biliary, or pancreatic secretions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nausea, gastroparesis, GERD? |
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Term
| Metoclopramide adverse effects |
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Definition
| drowsiness, fatigue, extrapyramidal symptoms,diarrhea |
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Term
| Metoclopramide Interactions |
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Definition
| increase absorption of other drugs but increasing their contact time with small bowel |
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Term
| the antiemetic activity may be exerted primariliy through 5-HT3 receptors, whereas its side effects are the result of its interaction with dopamine receptors |
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Definition
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Term
| Dolasetrron, granisetron, ondansetron, palonsetron |
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Definition
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Term
| causes release of serotonin at the 5HT3 serotonin receptors in the CTZ |
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Definition
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Term
| 5HT3 inhibitors indications |
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Definition
| N/V: chemotherapy-induced, post-operative, radiotherapy-induced, acute gastroenteritis, hyperemesis gravidarum (unlabeled) |
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Term
| Ondansetron adverse effects |
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Definition
| headache, fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, dizziness |
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Term
| Pregnancy Category B; Interactions: CYP 3A4, 1A2 substrate; QT prolongation |
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Definition
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Term
| Highly selective substance-P/neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (First of it's class) |
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Definition
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Term
| Blockade occurs in the emetic reflex center of the medulla; depression of neural activity, at least 95% blockade must occur for effect, recently shown to be effective in treating gastroparesis; Often given with prednisone*** |
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Definition
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Term
| Aprepitant Adverse Effects |
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Definition
| Fatigue, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, hiccups, increased LFTs |
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Term
| Aprepitant contraindications |
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Definition
| severe hepatic impairment,pregnancy category B |
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Term
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Definition
CYP3A4 inhibitor: chemotherapy agents, benzos, statins
CYP2C9 inducer: warfarin, phenytoin |
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Term
| Promethazine, Prochlorperazine |
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Definition
| Pehnothiazine derivatives |
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Term
| Histamine blocking action (competes for H1 receptors; GI, CNS (CTZ)) |
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Definition
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Term
| D2 blockade (CTZ receptor site, not specific) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| anticholinergic effects, sedation, insomnia, nervousness |
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Term
| Promethazine and Prochlorperazine interactions |
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Definition
| anticholinergics, Parkinson's medications, antiepileptics, antacids |
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Term
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Definition
| anticholinergic effects, hyperprolactinemia, EPS< TD, NMS (all rare), cholestatic jaundice |
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Term
| antagonizes acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors |
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Definition
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Term
| prevents nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickings, reduce salivation and excess bronchial secretions prior to surgery, to reduce spastic states in parkinsonism (poor choice for treating N/V other than motion sickness) |
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Definition
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Term
| Standardized preparation of THC; Endogenous cannabinoid receptor antagonist; also short term memory deficits, enhanced sensation, increased appetite, time distortion |
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Definition
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Term
| Dronabinol (marinol) ADRs |
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Definition
| High SEs (emotion instability, elation, heightened awareness; dizziness, euphoria, dysphoria, irritability, paranoia, drowsiness, and impaired cognition |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypersensitivity (sesame oil), cardiac disease, history of substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, hepatic disease; Pregnancy category C |
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Term
| H1 antagonist; anticholinergic as well; 8-24 hour effect (OTC) |
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Definition
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Term
| 55% diphenhydramine, anticholinergic effect, effects decreased w/continued use; 3-6 hr duration of action |
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Definition
| Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) |
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Term
| N/V OTCs and alternatives |
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Definition
| Pepto-Bismol, Ginger, Peppermint, chamomile, ginger |
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Term
| competitive antagonist at ileal 5-HT3 receptors; may prevent motion sickness without sedating effects; antiplatelet effects at high doses |
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Definition
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Term
| reduces intestinal spasms; orally, topically, aromatherapy |
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Definition
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Term
| Antispasmodic activity; mildly sedating; avoid if ragweed allergies; |
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Definition
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Term
| N/V drugs Pregancy Category A |
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Definition
| Pyridoxine (B6), Doxylamine, Ginger, plus many antiemetic choices |
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