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| Where saltwater of the ocean meets freshwater of a river |
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| Exact place where saltwater meets freshwater. position varies, depends upon stream flow |
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| animals unable to tolerate salinity changes, restricted to mouth of estuary where salinity is 30ppt |
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| animals that can tolerate salt reduction to 15 ppt, and some to 3 ppt. |
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| animals found between 5-30 ppt, adapted to changing salinities |
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| Animals that cannot tolerate salinities greater than 5 ppt |
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| Migratory fishes on their way to freshwater breeding grounds eg salmon |
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| Name given to physical process in which water passes through a semi-permieable membrane, seperating 2 fluids of different salt concentration-moving from area of lowest to highest salt. |
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| Ability to control the concentation of salt or water in internal fluids. Have physiological mechanism and control salt content (eg. crabs w/ exoskleton & excretory) |
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| Don't have the ability to control their internal salt. They use behaviors to regulat salt like close operculum, burrow |
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Definition
| A site periodically saturated with water |
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| a community with soils that are alternately inundated with saltwater and drianed by tidle action. A type of wetland |
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| Plants that grow in soils with high salt content. |
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| Cord Grass, Juncus, Pickleweed, tule |
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Definition
| Types of halophyte plants |
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| Crabs, fiddler crabs, periwinkles, snails, oysters |
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Definition
| Types of haylophyte animals |
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Term
| How do salt grass/cord grass/pickleweed deal with excess salt? |
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Definition
| Some excreet it from glands, otheres have joints and move the salt to the tips of the plant and let it dry and fall off. |
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| A restored salt/tidal marsh next to GG bridge. was a wet land until 1912 when it was filled in. in 1989 restoration turened it back into a wetland/park. |
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| How did China Camp get it's name? |
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Definition
| named after chinese shrimp fisherman in San Pablo Bay |
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| An invasive land plant seen at China Camp. Very resilient and spreads easily. |
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| What was the dominate salt marsh vegitaiton at china camp? |
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Definition
Tule & Pickleweed (at what field trip did these speices dominat the lanscape) |
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| Live in Estuaries but are not native, can reduce or eliminate native species. |
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| List five examples of invasive/exotic species. Know some ways they were introduced. |
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Definition
Barnicles - arrived on ships hulls Atlantic shipworm - 1913 damages wooden structures Isopod - burrows into mud banks increases erosion Eastern Mudsnail - 1901-07 forced native horn snail from mud flats Striped Bass - 1889 by rail car and comercially harvested Chinese Mitten Crab - burros into and meakens dykes & Levees Atlantic Green Crab - preys on Dungeness Crab |
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| An oscillation of the ocean-atmosphere system in the tropical Pacific effecting weather around the globe. |
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| Trade winds relax in central & western pacific leading to a increase in the thermocline in the west, and a depression in the east. This reduces upwelling and causes a rise in sea surface temperatures. |
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| What are some of the consiquences of El Nino? |
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Definition
| Drastic declie of primary productivity due to rise in surface temps effects the entire food chain. Associated with flooding in the eastern Pacific (Puru) and drought in the west (indonisia/austraillia). Also impacts global atmospheric circulation which effects weather around the globe. |
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| What the fuck is La Nina? |
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Definition
| Characterized by unussually cold water in equitorial eastern pacific. Almost the complete opposite effect of El Nino. |
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| What is the green house effect? |
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Definition
| A rise in temperature that the Earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere trap the energy of the sun, and don't let it reflect back into space. |
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| Name 3 green house gasses |
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Definition
| Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Ozone O3, CFCs |
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| Name some man made greenhouse gasses |
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Definition
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| What are some consiquences of risining global temperature? |
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| Shit gets hot. warmer surface temps reduce primary productivity effecting the entire food chain. |
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| Supralittoral at the top of the beach |
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| Littoral. Land between low and high tides |
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| Sublittoral. Always coverd with water |
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