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| protons, neutrons, electrons |
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| Protons have what type of charge? |
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| outside nucleus in energy levels |
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| A pure substance consisting of one type of atom |
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| Atoms of same element but differ in number of neutrons contained |
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| substance formed by chemical combination of 2+ elements in definite proportions |
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| Physical/chem properties of compound |
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Definition
| Different from elements from which it was formed |
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| occurs when 1 or more electrons are transferred; forms ions; fairly strong |
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| occurs when 1 or more electrons are shared; single, double, triple |
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| Occurs when hydrogen of 1 polar molecule is attracted to opposite charges of another molecule |
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| structure formed when atoms are joined by covalent bonds. Smallest unit of most compounds. |
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| weak attraction between molecules of opposite charge |
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| positive and negative side |
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| attraction between molecules of same substance-occurs w/ water b/c of formation of many H bonds |
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| attraction between molecules of dif. substances |
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| material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds physically mixed together |
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| type of mixture -the solute is evenly distributed among solvent - mixture is transparent |
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| Mixture of water & small non-dissolved material - will separate |
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| thick mixture formed when fine particles can't be dissolved stay scattered throughout a liquid w/out sinking - mayonnaise |
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| substance dissolves in a solvent |
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| substance dissolves a solute- water is universal solvent |
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| concentration of H ions in solution |
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| Equation of dissociation of water |
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Definition
| water H2O - H+ (hydrogen ion) + OH (Hydroxide ion) |
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| substance that forms hydrogen ions in solution |
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| substance that forms hydroxide ion in solution |
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| Weak acid or base + strong acid or base |
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| chemistry that studies all compounds containing bonds between carbon atoms |
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| Valence electrons and carbon |
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| 4 - makes carbon very versatile |
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| single double triple - may form rings |
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Definition
process of forming polymer
monomer + monomer + monomer = polymer |
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| monomer-monosaccharides or simple sugars |
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Definition
| glucose, galactose, fructose |
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| starch, glycogen, cellulose |
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Definition
| process whereby complex compounds are formed form more simple compounds by removal of water |
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Definition
| process whereby simple compounds are formed from more complex molecules by addition of water |
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| simple fats - made of 2 parts - glycerol and fatty acids |
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| waxes, triglycerides which may be fats, oils or steroids |
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| C-C bonds are single and max number of hydrogens are present |
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| bonds between carbons are double or triple bonds |
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| 5 carbon sugar, phhosphate, nitrogeous base |
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| store and transmit hereditary info |
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| long string of nucleotides - DNA/RNA |
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| Greek for first or primary |
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| strings of amino acids - dipeptides or polypeptides |
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| enzymes, structure such as in collagen or cell membranes, hormones (insulin) muscle contraction, antibodies, nutrient storage molecules, toxins |
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Primary-secondary-tertiary-quarternary
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| twisting of the amino acid chain |
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| quarternary protein level |
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Definition
| arrangement of 2 or more chains in space |
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| process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
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| Chemical reactions involve |
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Definition
| breaking of bonds and formation of new bonds |
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| energy needed to get a reaction going |
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| substance that speeds up rate of chemical reaction |
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| reactants of enzyme catalyzed reactions. Binds at an active site on the enzyme |
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| regulation of enzyme activity controlled by |
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Definition
| pH, temperature, substrate availability |
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Definition
| organisms and bacteria that can capture energy from the sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food |
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| organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply |
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| shows the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level |
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| organisms, land, ocean, sediments |
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| succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exisist |
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| when land cleared and plowed for farming is abandoned |
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| j curve- occurs under ideal conditions with unlimited resources |
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| s curve- occurs as resources become less available- carrying cap. is reached |
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| density dependent factors |
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Definition
| limiting factor that depends on a pop. size |
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| density independent factors |
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Definition
| limiting factor that affects all pop. in similar ways reguardless of pop. size |
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| graph of the number of males and females within different age groups of a population |
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