Term
| Largest explosive volcanic eruption in the last 500 years occured at |
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Definition
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Term
| A resurgent dome developes as |
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Definition
| new magma enters the remains of an old chamber beneath a collapsed caldera |
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Term
| A return of the major New Madrid earthquakes would |
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Definition
| probably reach Modified Mercalli Intensity VI or VII in Kansas City |
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Term
| Rock can be caused to melt by |
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Definition
- Decreasing pressure on it
- raising its temperature
- increasing its water content
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Term
| Spreading ridge magma has ____________ relative to subduction-zone magma. |
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Definition
| High temperature and low viscosity |
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Term
| Increasing the water pressure between sand grains, |
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Definition
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Term
| If Vesuvius erupted with a vengeance similar to that of the 79 C.E. eruption which city would be at greatest risk? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most dangerous volcanoes are mostly in ________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Active volcanoes today in Washington and Oregon are caused by _____________ |
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Definition
| The subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate under the North American plate. |
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Term
| The Hayward Fault passes through the middle of the ______________________ |
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Definition
| University of California Berkeley football stadium |
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Term
| The Earth's crust in the eastern United States is ______________ and the crust in the western U.S. is _____________. |
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Definition
| under tectonic compressional stress; under tectonic tensional stress |
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Term
| Relatively viscous basaltic lava that solidifies with a blocky texture is called __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The last magnitude 9 earthquake in the continental 48 US states occured in 1700 in ______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Assume a Richter magnitude 6.0 quake happened in Missouri at the same day as one in California which would have a larger shaken area? |
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Definition
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Term
| State with the lowest Earthquake risk |
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Definition
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Term
| In the US, which of the following calderas had a major eruption about 600,000 years ago? |
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Definition
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Term
| Genuine success story of predicting a large eruption occured in the Philippines in 1991 before the climactic eruption of _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1883, a tsunami caused by the eruption of this volcano killed 36,000. |
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Definition
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Term
| Specators of the eruption of which type of magma are least likely to die? |
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Definition
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Term
| The eruption of this earthquake caused the "year without summer" in New England. |
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Definition
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Term
| 70-75% of quakes occur on the pacific rim, what percentage of volcanoes occur on the pacific rim? |
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Definition
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Term
| Santorini erupted in 1628 B.C. and buried the city of __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| If the lava reaches the sea or a lake, it cools rapidly to ____________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A pyroclastic flow is a flow of ______________ |
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Definition
| Hot particulate material down the side of the mountain. |
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Term
| Hot spot volcanoes in the ocean are _____________ dangerous than those on the continents. |
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Definition
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Term
| The number-one volcao on the danger list of many volcanologists is ______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following gases produces the "rotten egg smell" around volcanoes and some hot springs? |
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Definition
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Term
| The SO2 released into the atmosphere by Mt. Pinatubo eruption in 1991 caused _____________ |
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Definition
| a few years of global cooling (short term) |
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Term
| The dominant volcanic gas is |
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Definition
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Term
| Crystallizes underground and has relatively low silica content |
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Definition
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Term
| Volcanoes at Yellowstone, in Wyoming, and in Hawaii are most closely related to _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Most resistant to damage from seismic shaking |
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Definition
| 1-story brick building build on solid rock |
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Term
| The San Andreas fault is ________ |
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Definition
| primarily a right-lateral transform fault |
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Term
| In Cameroon, Africa, in 1986, a volcanic lake burped and sent a flood of carbon dioxide over the rim of the crater killing ___________ in its path. |
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Definition
| most animals and 1700 people |
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Term
| Techniques used to predict the volcanic eruption at Pinatubo |
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Definition
- Monitoring the amount of emission of Sulfur dioxide
- monitoring local quake activity beneath the volcano
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Term
| State where on March 1, 2007 a volcano killed 8 high school students in the town of Enterprise |
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Definition
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Term
| Wednesday, March 7, 2003 an earthquake killed more than 70 people in the town of Solok in what country? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many great earthquakes (magnitude > 8.0) have occured in the pacific Northwest in the last 200 years? |
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Definition
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Term
| Direction that the Juan de Fuca plate is moving in respect to the North American plate |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Process in quich sediment can become water-saturated and get reworked to take up less volume which causes the material to behave like liquid |
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Term
| The most expensive earthquake in terms of damage |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 of the 4 largest earthquakes that have occured since 1800 have been in? |
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Definition
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Term
| To minimize loss of life, the best time for an earthquake is |
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Definition
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Term
| Flat areas along strike-slip faults that are filled in naturally with sediments are called __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The largest recorded earthquakes occur in ____________ where 2 planes move ___________with respect to one another. |
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Definition
| Subduction zones; together |
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Term
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Definition
- Earthquakes
- volcanoes
- landslides
- meteorites
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Term
| Determining earthquake and volcano history can be done using |
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Definition
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Term
| "Big one" earthquakes occured in California in |
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Definition
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Term
| Current state of earthquake prediction |
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Definition
| No reliable method exists |
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Term
| Earthquakes can be caused by humans from |
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Definition
- injecting water under high pressure faults
- setting off nuclear explosions
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Term
| As the water gets shallower a tsunami ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Home to both active volcanoes and occasional quakes about 6.0 mag |
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Term
| Time required for a Tsunami to cross the Pacific ocean is |
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Definition
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Term
| Most active of the Cascade volcanoes over the last 4000 years |
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Definition
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Term
| Last volcano in California |
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Definition
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Term
| Top of mount St Helens now contains |
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Definition
| A crater with a lava dome in the center |
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Term
| Which lava has the most volatiles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Approx Temperature of Magma |
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Definition
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Term
| Subduction zone magma has |
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Definition
| High temp and low viscosity |
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Term
| Decreasing water pressure between grains of sand in unconsolidated sediment |
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Definition
| Increases the shear strength of the sand |
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Term
| Volcano that erupted in 1985, producing lahars that killed 20,000 people |
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Definition
| Nevado Del Ruiz, Columbia |
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Term
| If Popocatepetl erupted like it did 2000 years ago what city would be at greatest risk? |
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Definition
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Term
| If plate tectonic acitivty continues, San Francisco and L.A. will __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| In the 1980s a series of quakes triggered concerns that an eruption in California might be imminent at __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Low viscosity basaltic lava that solidifies with a ropy texture |
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Definition
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Term
| Two elements with the largest presence in the Earth's crust |
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Definition
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Term
| In deep ocean a Tsunami travels about _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Time between tsunami waves on average is _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The equation for the speed of the tsunami is _____ |
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Definition
| Square root of the water depth |
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Term
| Continental crust has more __________ then oceanic crust |
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Definition
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Term
| Increasing the H20 Content in magma makes it ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Ocean that the 2004 tsunami occured in |
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Definition
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Term
| Wave height of Tsunami in deep ocean is ________ then when it gets to land |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A large volcanic depression formed by roof collapse into a partially emptied magma chamber |
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Term
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Definition
| lava with the coolest temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| Oscillating waves sloshing back and forth in an enclosed body of water |
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