Term
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Definition
Tropical cyclones have multiple names: Typhoons, Hurricane. --
Cyclone comes from the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific - anything south of the equator
Hurricanes are in North and Central America,
Typhoons around Japan and the Philippines - Western Pacific north of the equator) |
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Definition
Low pressure center/atmospheric disturbance
Coriolis force (effect)
Fuel: Warm water and humid air (latent heat release)
Low wind shear |
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Definition
Low pressure center/atmospheric disturbance
To create wind, rising air, and circulation so it will form clouds |
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Definition
Any object moving not completely fixed to earth’s surface as it’s moving gets deflected to the right in the Norther Hemisphere, left in the Southern Hemisphere.. very small force
Strongest near poles. 0 at equator |
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| Fuel: Warm water and humid air (latent heat release) |
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Definition
As the air rises.. it cools, condenses, reaches dew point, water molecules
Condensation happening.. condenses in the hurricane
Latent heat becomes normal, measurable heat |
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Definition
Keep column of air staight and verticle
Wind at two different heights at different speeds.. fasterwind on top, lower on bottom; or wind in different directions
Need it low to keep the column developed.. or else it will knock the top off |
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Definition
Usually start over ocean, weaken once they reach land
there are zero hurricanes at the equator
They occur close to the equator up and down from it about 30 degrees.
Doesnt occur in Africa or South America |
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Definition
| Severity can be classified according to: 1. Central Pressure, wind speed, or ocean surge. The pressure of the storm center drops to amazing lows, the lowest in the U.S. ever recorded was Hurricane Wilma, the ultimate lowest recorded anywhere was “Typhoon Tip” in Guam. |
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| Why is ther nothing over South America and Africa |
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Definition
Wind shears make them uncommon
Very cold ocean currents |
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Definition
Strong winds
Heavy rainfall
Storm surge |
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Definition
| usually cause majority of structural damage. |
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Definition
| creates freshwater flooding, causing landslides. Rainfall during tropical cyclone becomes extremely intense. higher falls happen when the coast is mountainous. |
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Definition
Low pressure causes ocean to rise because it’s not pushing down on the water.. floods and people drown
Ex/less pressure.. bag of chips, up on a mountain explode, normal lottom |
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Term
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Definition
| wind, circulation, rising air/atmospheric disturbances |
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Definition
| causes the cyclone to spin. Goes right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern hemisphere. Only has a seen effect on very large objects. coriolis force is strongest at the poles and weakest at the equator |
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Term
| Warm water & humid air (latent heat release) |
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Definition
| The rising warm air eventually reaches a point where condensation occurs causing it to pour down. As the air condenses into water, latent heat is released into the system,giving it heat and energy. |
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Definition
| too much wind topples the column over killing the cyclone. If wind goes in different directions it chops the top off |
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| Tropical cyclones HIgh Risk Areas: |
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Definition
Delta
Islands
Urbanized Coast |
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Term
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Definition
Triangle created by water shifting over time
Formed by rivers changing their courses from laying down sediment, these are already prone to flooding
Ex. Bangladesh is a delta |
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Definition
small island are affected the most
Islands with a lot of vegetation are better off because it has something to prevent landslides and other secondary hazards.
Barrier islands help protect from storm surge. |
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Definition
Greatest potential for property loss.
People build their houses and businesses next to the coast or on barrier islands(Line of sand then coast) |
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Definition
Hurricane Gilbert 1988
Lowest pressure huricane in atlantic until Hurricane Wilma
Greatest Typhon Tip (Guam)1979 strongest anywhere
Hurricane Andrew- 1992 category 4 or 5 |
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Term
| Tornadoes and North America |
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Definition
There are so many in the US because there are 2 very different weather systems that come together
There are few barriers.
The cold air meets a warm draft, producing latent heat. This latent heat and creation of low pressure areas start to roll horizontally, when it meets a strong enough updraft, it turns to be vertical.
Forms through a wall cloud which drops down from a mesocyclone.
Warm, moist air is the fuel. combination of cloud, dust, and debris |
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Definition
| Risk map depends on: locations, wind where the people are, length of season, severity of tornado. Needs smaller areal than state by state to be accurate |
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Definition
Wind & debris
The Fujita scale |
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Definition
| warm air, vortex, high winds, condensation make is a tornado which is a cloud that is touching the ground and turning. |
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Definition
primarily a damage scale (0 to 5)
wind speed is assumed -rates intensity
- recently changed since they found out the 200mph winds can destroy and now there are more concerns with wind |
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Definition
1925 most devastating tornado diaster recorded in USA
Destroyed the town of murphy.
Affected Missouri illinois, Indiana.
Marion Illinois(1982)- went right down Main Street |
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Term
| Mid latitude weather storms: Hail |
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Definition
crop and property Damage; injury
Ice particles falling from clouds;
hail is produced by storms with strong surface heating |
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Definition
Associated with rain, hail and powerful up-currents.
Occurs when there is a large negative electrical charge that goes up to meet a positive charge. l
Symptoms of being hit by lightning: burns, electrocution, chronic pain |
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Definition
most fatalities related to ice storms are secondary hazards i.e.
carbon monoxide poisoning due to the increased use of domestic heaters and generators. |
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Definition
Atlantic Seaboard, Northeaster United States
Wind
Snow
Car Accidents |
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Definition
when the ice accretes on structures because the temperature outside is below freezing point.
Causes a lot of secondary hazards through power line outage, |
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Definition
| only have a few minutes to get out a warning. |
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Definition
| basement or tornado protection building |
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Definition
| general idea and a general area not a high resolution, large scale map |
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Term
| Flood plains, coasts, and people |
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Definition
great for agriculture,
beautiful coasts,
people |
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Definition
Drowning- a lot of debris makes it possible
Structural damage- destruction, mold
Diseases = mosquitos, dead animals sewage etc.
Psychological disorders= post traumatic stress, death etc.
Pollution
Crops and livestock |
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Definition
| brings in sediment, organic material, fertile soil, some crops need standing water (rice) |
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Definition
LDC &MDC
Bangladesh- delta floodplain, monsoons, 2/3 country can become covered, high population, Receives 4x the amount of water the mississippi river gets
coasts and lake shorelines.
deltas=triangle of river sediment deposit
alluvial fans= deposits spread out in a fan shape at the base of a valley
areas below unsafe dams
Small basins:
Dry soil= doesn't absorb water fas enough
little vegetation
intense thunderstorms
Fast moving water |
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Term
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Definition
rivers: "And the rain rain rain came down down down" & breaking the ice: ice dam block up river also melting ice releases more water into system
Coastal Floods: short term -storm surges, tsunami
long term - eustatic and isosatic changes |
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Definition
| effects context for other types of floods, overall rise and fall of sea level and continents, global |
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Definition
| refers to floating, continents are floating on mantle of asthenosphere, Local, what happens to individual continents, local sea level rises with weight of ice |
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Definition
| Impervious surfaces- Augment the levees to keep them from flooding |
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Definition
water no vegetation & dry soil
like a plinko board |
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Definition
Levees=levee effect ex. provo riverwoods(low risk, high consequence situation)
Channel "improvements"- deepen channel, straighten a meanderng river etc. causes prolems to water ecology
Flood control dams
Urbanization and the demand for protection |
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Term
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Definition
Flood insurance Maps
the "100 year flood"= Paid for by those paying into premiums, not everyone & not a good perspective w/ the small amount of data we have. |
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Definition
Slow onset + slow to depart “creeping”
General climatic conditions
Extensive - you wont just have a drought in utah it will effect at least all of norther utah region.
Issue of variability - change from season to season (water fall levels)
example wet region = high rainfall but utah which is dryer and gets less rainfall there is more variability and its harder to prepare for. |
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Definition
water shortages
Ldc: famine
crop failure |
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Term
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Definition
Meteorological
Hydrological
Agricultural
Famine |
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Term
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Definition
| based on rain (EDS index), least severe. A drought is declared if the rainfall in an area fails to exceed 10% of all previous totals for the same period of the year and if the situation persists for at least three months. |
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Definition
| Groundwater/River water. Mainly associated with urban areas and the MDCs, although it can be recognized elsewhere. |
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Definition
(MDC) regardless of water, are the crops suffering? occurs when soil moisture is insufficient to maintain average crop growth and yields. the main consequence is the reduced output of crops and animal production.
Famine- (LDC) not simple mass starvation, government and politics, mass malnutrition, very young and very old suffer most |
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Term
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Definition
Physical
-Teleconnections: broad scale interaction between the atmosphere and ocean. ex. El Nino
Human
-Overconsumption and abuse of water |
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Term
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Definition
effects the pacific ocean
As the water pulls west it pulls water away from coast and takes nutrients which ruins the economy of the coast city.
El Nino happens around december.
Circulation reverses and the peruvian current goes backwards LP&Cw= rain and HP&W = no rain so you get flooding on the coast and economy goes south.
It's somewhat predictable by about three months.
ENSO= el nino southern ossilation whats happening in the atmosphere.
La nina is just more extreme but normal circulation pattern. switches phases every ten years.
No coriolis force at the equator
floods in peru
droughts and fires in Australia |
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Definition
ex. The Sahel – margin of climates, margin of tolerance
-semi-arid, growing population is destroying vegetation
makes it in habitable to sustain |
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Definition
environmental control- is water the only problem? salt,silt,and sediment build up.
water projects (dams) |
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| Principles of weather forecasting |
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Definition
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Term
| Petsistence (the joseph Effect) |
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Definition
climate and weather
ex. joseph of egypt story |
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Term
Utah hazard Mitigation document
why was it created? |
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Definition
1. To understand hazards and mitigate
2. to keep people from doing stupid things and hiding the government responsible
3.allow utah to be able to receive federal financial aid if a disaster does occur |
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Definition
no its long detailed technical and not well know
not clear |
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Definition
inherent uncertain
GiS was the Principal too
Dam failure, security risk and inundation Floods |
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Definition
broken and caused cunning.
Wahington county dam failed 1989
previous leakage from solubility of gypsum in the soiled weathered the mechanisms |
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Definition
| Earthquake, Flood, Dam Failure, Wild Fire, Drought, Severe weather |
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Definition
| wild fire, floods, earthquake |
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Term
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Definition
radon gas
problem soils
volcanoes |
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Term
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Definition
Planned ahead for during construction
seldom cause widespread damage
Problem Soils: Expansive Soil, collapsible Soil, Limestone and Karst Terrain, Gypsiferous soil, |
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Definition
No property damage just loss of life through lung diseases.
Easily mitigated once defined |
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Definition
| water-saturated cohesionless sandy soil is subjected to ground shaking. soil turns to a viscous liquid (quicksand) and lose their bearing capacity and shear strength. |
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Definition
| Standing bodies of water are susceptible to earthquake -ground motion they may slosh from one end to another like a tub. leads to dam failure or shoreline damage |
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Definition
| evaporation of water cause more energy to be stored in the water vapor molecules as latent heat. air will get colder as the water evaporates. air that is colder than its surroundings it sinks. into a downburst. when they hit the groundit causes microbursts that can cause alot of damage. caused by wind. |
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Definition
a lot of money was spent on fighting the fire
Utah spent so money because the olymbics were going to come |
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Definition
| River flood dug away a channel and caused sever damage to many homes. 2005 heavy rain fall caused it to reach houses that were not thought to be in danger. |
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Definition
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| 1983 destroyed town sedimentn burried houses |
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Definition
slump came down into driveway and condemned a home
no federal help cuz it only affected one home |
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Definition
2002
heavy rain
little vegitation
mud flow overran suburb |
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Term
| bridal veil falls avalanches |
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Definition
1996 & 2005
tram destroyed |
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Definition
sprayed concrete to stabalize
2006
affected a highway |
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Definition
1999
went through down town area and caused alot of damage. |
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Term
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Definition
eustatic is a global change in sstatic of the water due to lobal rising of sea
isostatic continents are either diverging or submerging into another country |
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