Term
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Definition
| The combination and interrelation of the nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems |
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Definition
| Large groups of cells that form nerves, which provide a communication network within the body. |
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Definition
| The ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either internal or external environments |
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Definition
| the ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow for proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response. |
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Term
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Definition
| the neuromuscular esponse to sensory information |
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Term
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Definition
| the functional unit of the nervous system |
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Term
| Sensory (afferent) Neurons |
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Definition
| neurons that transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to the brain or spinal cord |
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Definition
| neurons that transmit impulses from one neuron to another |
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Definition
| neurons that transmit nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the effector sites |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of the brain and spinal cord and serves mainly to interpret information |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
| cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body and serve to relay inforation from bodily organs to the bran and from the brain to bodily organs. |
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Definition
| sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in bodily tissues |
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Definition
| fibers sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change. |
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Definition
| organs sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change |
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Definition
| receptors sensitive to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration in the joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| attach muscles to bone and provide the anchor from which the muscle can exert force and control the bone and joint |
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Term
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Definition
| is tissue consisting of long cells that contract when stimulated to produce motion |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical messengers that transmit electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle |
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Definition
| a series of muscles that the nervous system commands to move the skeletal system. |
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Definition
| the fuctional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction (which consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin) |
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Definition
| the contraction of a muscle generated by the communication between the nervous system and muscular system. |
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Definition
| the body's frame, which is comprised of bones and joints |
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Definition
| Hard connective tissues that connect to create a skeletal framework |
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Definition
| the movable places where two or more bones meet |
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Definition
| portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column. |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities |
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Term
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Definition
| flattened or indented portion of bone, which can be a muscle attachment site |
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Definition
| projection protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach. |
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Definition
| the movements of the joints |
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Term
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Definition
| joints that are held together by joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement in the body. |
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Definition
| joints that do not have a joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage. |
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Definition
| connective tissue that connects bone to bone |
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Definition
| a system comprised of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Comprised of the her, the blood it pumps, and the blood vessels that transport the blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| muscular pump that rhythmically contracts to push blood throughout the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| acts as a medium to deliver and collect essential products to and from the tissues of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| a hollow tube that allows blood to be transported to and from the heart. |
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Definition
| vessels that transport blood away from the heart |
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Definition
| vessels that transport blood back to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest blood vessels that is the location where substances such as oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products are exchanged between tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| a system including the lungs and their nervous and circulatory supply that collects oxygen from the external environment and transports it to the blood stream. |
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Definition
| the inhalation of air during the process of breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| the exhalation of air during the process of breathing |
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Definition
| an action that occurs in the presence of oxygen |
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Definition
| an action that is not dependent on oxygen for proper execution |
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Definition
| looks at how chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy |
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Term
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Definition
| cellular structure that serves as a storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body for energy |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of how internal and external forces affect the way the body moves |
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Term
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Definition
| when a muscle exerts less force than is being placed upon it, which results in the lengthening of a muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| when a muscle exerts more force than is being placed on it, which leads to the shortening of the muscle |
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Term
| Length-Tension Relationship |
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Definition
| refers to the length at which a muscle can produce the greatest force |
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Term
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Definition
| synergistic action of muscles to produce movement around a joint |
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Term
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Definition
| information that the nervous system utilizes to gather inofrmation about the environment to produce movement |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of nervous system to gather and interpret information and select and execute the proper motor response |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of how the kinetic chain creates movements |
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Term
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Definition
| provides information about quality of a movement during an exercise |
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Term
| Integrated Fitness Assessment |
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Definition
| provides the fitness professional with a three-dimensional representation of the client, which enables proper construction of a training program |
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Term
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Definition
| alignment of the musculoskeletal system that allows a center of gravity to be maintained over a base of support |
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Term
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Definition
| questionnaire that is designed to help qualify clients for activity levels and identify those who may need medical attention |
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Term
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Definition
| measurable data that can be utilized to denote improvements in the client, as well as the effectiveness of the program |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to efficiently maintain balance |
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Term
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Definition
| signifies the minimum pressure within the arteries through a full cardiac cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| alignment and function of the kinetic chain at any given moment. |
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Term
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Definition
| feedback from the client to the fitness professional regarding personal history. |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of the neuromuscular system to monitor and manipulate movement using the least amount of energy, creating the least amount of stress on the kinetic chain |
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Term
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Definition
| reflects the pressure produced by the heart as it pumps blood to the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alterations of lengths of muscles surrounding a joint |
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Term
| Altered Reciprocal Inhibition |
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Definition
| When a tight psoas decreases the neural drive to the gluteus maximus, this is an example of? |
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Term
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Definition
| Process that stimulates the Golgi Tendon Organ and produces an inhibitory effect on the muscle spindle. |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory orgain of muscle sensitive to length and rate of change in length |
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Term
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Definition
| the bodys substitution system when there is a weak or inhibited prime mover |
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Term
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Definition
| normal soft-tissue extensibility that allows full range of motion of a joint and has optimum control. |
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Term
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Definition
| where the kinetic chain seeks the path of least resistance during movement. |
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Term
| Integrated Cardiorespiratory Training |
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Definition
| training that involves and places stress on the cardiorespiratory system |
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Term
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Definition
| preparing the body for physical activity by doing movements that are not specific to the activity to be performed. |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of movements that more closely mimic those of the actual activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| provides the body with a smooth transition back to a steady state. |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of training sessions for a given time period |
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Term
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Definition
| level of demand the activity places on the body |
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Term
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Definition
| state where the body's metabolism is elevated following exercise |
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Term
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Definition
| three stage programming system that uses different heart training zones |
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Term
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Definition
| point when the body can no longer produce enough energy for the muscles with normal oxygen intake. |
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Term
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Definition
| where intensities are varied throughout the workout |
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Term
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Definition
| the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, thoracic, and cervical spine |
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Term
| Intramuscular Coordination |
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Definition
| ability of the neuromuscular system to allow optimal levels of motor unit recruitment and synchronization within a muscle |
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Term
| Intermuscular Coordination |
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Definition
| ability of the neuromuscular system to allow muscles to work together with proper activation and timing between them. |
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Term
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Definition
| pulling the region just below the naval toward the spine |
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Term
| Dynamic Joint Stabilization |
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Definition
| ability of the kinetic chain to stabilize a joint during movement |
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Term
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Definition
| training environment that provides heightened stimulation to proprioceptors and mechanoreceptors |
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Term
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Definition
| training environment that is as unstable as can safely be controlled by an individual |
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Term
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Definition
| the distance outside of an individual's base of support that he/she can go without losing control of their center of gravity |
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Term
| Integrated Performance Paradigm |
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Definition
| to move with precision, forces must be reduced (eccentrically), stabilized (isometricall) and then produced (concentrically). |
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Term
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Definition
| exercises that utilize quick, powerful movements involving an eccentric contraction immediately follwed by an explosive concentric contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of the muscles to exert maximal force output in a minimal amount of time |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to move the body in one intended direction as fast as possible |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to accelerate, decelerate, and change direction quickly, while maintaining proper posture |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to react to stimulus and change the motion of the body in all planes of motion |
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Term
| General Adaptation Syndrome |
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Definition
| General pattern of adaptation brught forth by stresses placed upon the kinetic chain |
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Term
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Definition
| the initial reaction to a stressor that allows for protective processes within the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| a stage where the kinetic chain increases its functional capacity to adapt to the stressor |
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Term
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Definition
| stress that is intolerable to the client and that will produce breakdown or injury |
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Term
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Definition
| division of a training program into smaller, progressive stages |
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Term
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Definition
| principle that states the body will specifically adapt to the type of demand placed upon it. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the speed of contraction and exercise selection |
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Term
| Neuromuscular Specificity |
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Definition
| refers to the speed of contraction and exercise selection |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the energy demand placed upon the body |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of the neuromuscular system to produce internal tension to overcome external force |
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Term
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Definition
| set of two exercises that are performed back to back without any rest time between them |
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Term
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Definition
| how quickly a muscle can generate force |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of lost physical fitness which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and/or a lack of core and joint stability |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscle that acts as the main source of motive movement |
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Term
| Proprioceptively Enriched Environment |
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Definition
| an unstable (but controlled) environment where exercises are performed that causes the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms |
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Term
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Definition
| smaller divisions of training progressions that fall within the three building blocks of training |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of the body's stabilizing muscles to provide support for joints as well as maintain posture and balance during movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of the body's nerves to effectively send messages to the body's muscles |
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