Term
| How is human movement accomplished? |
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Definition
| By integrating the nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems (or the kinetic chain) |
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Term
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Definition
| the integration of the nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems |
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Term
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Definition
| the integration of the nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems to produce movement |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the main organ systems in the body that consists of a specialized network of cells that transmit and coordinate signals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| nerves that connect to the brain and spinal chord |
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Term
| What are the 3 primary functions of the nervous system? |
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Definition
| Sensory, integrative, and motor functions |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to sense changes in the internal or external environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to analyze and interpret the sensory info |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscular response to the sensory information |
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Term
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Definition
| the body's ability to sense the relative position of adjacent parts of the body |
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Term
| Why do we train the body's proprioceptive abilities? |
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Definition
| To improve balance, coordination, posture, so that the body can move appropriately without having to think about what the right movement is in a particular situation. |
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Term
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Definition
| the functional unit of the nervous system that processes and transmits information through electrochemical signals |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of neurons in the body |
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Term
| What are the three main parts of a neuron? |
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Definition
| Dendrites, cell body (soma), axon |
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Term
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Definition
| contains nucleus and basic cell organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| transmits nervous impulses to other neurons and communicates information from the brain and spinal chord to the other parts of the body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three types of neurons? |
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Definition
| Sensory (afferent) neurons, interneurons, motor (efferent) neurons |
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Term
| sensory (afferent or towards) neurons |
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Definition
| respond to touch, sound, light, and transmit these impulses to the brain and spinal chord |
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Term
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Definition
| transmit nerve impulses between neurons |
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Term
| motor (efferent or away from) neurons |
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Definition
| transmit impulses from the brain and spinal chord to the muscles or glands |
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Term
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Definition
| brain and spinal chord, controls all activity in all parts of the body |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body, the PNS is how the CNS receives sensory input from the rest of the body |
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Term
| How many cranial nerves are there in the PNS? How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the PNS? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| voluntary control of movement |
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary control of movement |
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Term
| sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| increase levels of activity |
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Term
| parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| decrease levels of activity |
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Term
| What are the four types of sensory receptors? |
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Definition
| mechanoreceptors, nociceptors (pain), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized structure that respond to mechanical pressure within tissues and then transmit to the sensory nerves, help with proprioception and monitoring the position of our muscles, bones, and joints |
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Term
| Where are mechanoreceptors located? |
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Definition
| muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules - also includes muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs, and joint receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory receptors that run parallel to the muscle fibers and that are sensitive to the change in muscle length and rate of length change |
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Term
| How do the muscle spindles work? |
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Definition
| when a specific muscle is stretched, the spindles within that muscle are also stretched and this conveys info to CNS via sensory neurons |
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Term
| How do muscle spindles help in regulating the contraction of muscles via the stretch reflex mechanism? |
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Definition
| when a muscle spindle is stretched an impulse is immediately sent to the spinal cord which tells the muscle to contract within 1-2 milliseconds, this prevents overstretching |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized sensory receptors located at the point where skeletal muscle fibers insert into the tendons of the skeletal muscles |
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Term
| What are golgi tendon organs sensitive to? |
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Definition
| tension - particularly changes in muscular tension and rate of tension change |
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Term
| What happens when the GTO is activated? |
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Definition
| the muscle is caused to relax which prevents excessive stress and injury |
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Term
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Definition
| located in and around the joint capsule, respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint, they need to signal extreme joint positions to prevent injury or to initiate a reflex response if there's too much pressure placed on the joint |
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