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NASM Ch. 4
n
37
Accounting
Pre-School
01/19/2009

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Term
biomechanics
Definition
a study that uses principles of physics to quantitaively study how forces interact within a living body.
Term
superior
Definition
positioned above a point of reference.
Term
inferior
Definition
positioned below a point of reference
Term
proximal
Definition
positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference.
Term
distal
Definition
positioned farthest from the center of the body.
Term
anterior
Definition
on the front of the body
Term
posterior
Definition
on the back of body
Term
medial
Definition
positioned near the middle of the body
Term
lateral
Definition
toward the outside of the body
Term
contralateral
Definition
positioned on the opposite side of the body
Term
ipsilateral
Definition
positioned on the same side of the body
Term
sagittal plane
Definition
an imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves
Term
flexion
Definition
the bending of a joint, causing the angle to the joint to decrease
Term
extension
Definition
the straightening of a joint, causing the angle of the joint to increase.
Term
frontal plane
Definition
an imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves
Term
abduction
Definition
movement of a body part away from the middle of the body
Term
adduction
Definition
movement of a body part toward the middle of the body
Term
transverse plane
Definition
an imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves
Term
internal rotation
Definition
rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body
Term
external rotation
Definition
rotation of a joint away from tve middle of the body
Term
eccentric contraction
Definition
the lengthening of a muscle
Term
isometric contraction
Definition
a muscle maintaining a certain length
Term
concentric contraction
Definition
the shortening of a muscle
Term
force
Definition
an influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration of deceleration of the second object
Term
length-tension relationship
Definition
the length at which a muscle can produce the greatest force
Term
force-couple
Definition
muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint
Term
rotary motion
Definition
movement of the bones around the joints
Term
torque
Definition
a force that produces rotation
Term
motor behavior
Definition
the process of the body responding to internal and external stimuli
Term
motor control
Definition
the study of posture and movements and the involved structures and mechanisms that the central nervous system uses to assimilate and intergrate sensor information with previous experiences
Term
synergies
Definition
group of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement
Term
proprioception
Definition
the cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements
Term
sensorimotor integration
Definition
the cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering information, interpreting, and executing movement
Term
motor learning
Definition
repeated practice of motor control processes, which lead to a chance in the ability to produce complex movements
Term
feedback
Definition
the use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the kinetic chain in motor learning
Term
internal feedback
Definition
the process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the enviroment
Term
external feedback
Definition
information provided by some external source, such as a health and fitness professional, videotape, morror, or heart rate monitor to supplement the internal enviroment.
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