Term
| State 5 reasons why living cells need energy. |
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Definition
Cell division
Muscle contraction
Active transport
Protein synthesis
Transmission of nerve impulse |
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Term
| Give an example of an energy transformation in a plant and in an animal. |
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Definition
Plants: light energy → chemical energy (starch)
Animal: chemical energy (fat) → heat energy |
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Term
| State what cells need in order to release the energy from food. |
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Definition
| Cells need oxygen (found in air) to release the energy from food in “aerobic respiration” |
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Term
| Describe aerobic respiration in terms of a word equation |
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Definition
| glucose + oxygen → energy + carbon dioxide + water |
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Term
| What is produced by all respiring animals and plants? |
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Definition
| Carbon dioxide and water. |
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Term
| What is the link between energy producing and energy demanding reactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Write the equation of ATP breakdown and regeneration |
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Definition
Breakdown: ATP → ADP + Pi : releases energy
Regeneration: ADP +Pi → ATP : requires energy
(Pi stands for inorganic phosphate) |
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Term
| How many ATPs are regenerated during aerobic respiration? |
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Definition
| 38 ATP per molecule of glucose. |
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Term
| Breakdown of ATP production during aerobic respiration |
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Definition
2 ATP are produced when glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm.
36 ATP are produced when respiration is completed after entry of the 2 molecules of pyruvic acid in the mitochondria. |
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Term
| Which cells need lots of mitochondria? |
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Definition
| Cells with high energy needs such as muscle cells, nerve cells, sperm cells. |
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Term
| State what is produced by respiration in addition to carbon dioxide |
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Definition
| Heat energy and water will be produced by aerobic respiration. |
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Term
| Give another word for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristic of anaerobic respiration |
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Definition
| It takes place in the absence of oxygen. |
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Term
| Where does anaerobic respiration take place and how many ATPs does it release? |
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Definition
| Only in the cytoplasm, 2 ATP molecules. |
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Term
| Products of anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast (fungi) |
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Definition
| Ethanol and carbon dioxide. |
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Term
| Products of anaerobic respiration in animals |
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Definition
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Term
| State which of these types of food contains more energy per gram: proteins, fats, carbohydrates. |
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Definition
| Fats contain about twice as much energy as proteins and carbohydrates (sugars, starch) |
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