Term
| State the function of cell division |
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Definition
| To increase the number of cells in an organism so that growth and cell replacement/repair can take place. |
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Term
| State the biological name for cell division |
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Definition
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Term
| State what is the store of hereditary information? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is meant by “chromosome complement”? |
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Definition
| Number of chromosomes characteristic to a species, e.g. humans have 46 chromosomes |
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Term
| Describe how the daughter cells compare to the original cell |
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Definition
| They have an identical set of chromosomes which carry the same information as the original cell.To obtain two identical sets of chromosomes, the genetic material contained in a nucleus is replicated (copied) before mitosis. |
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Term
| Explain why it is important that the chromosome complement of daughter cells in multi-cellular organisms is maintained |
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Definition
| If not, cells might die or grow and/or function abnormally. |
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Term
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Definition
1- Chromatids
2- Centromere (Keeps the chromatids together) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1- Duplicated chromosomes get shorter and fatter. The cell is ready for mitosis. 2- Chromosome are attached to spindle fibres at the centromere and positioned at the equator (plane at the centre of the cell). They can be seen to be made of two chromatids.3- Spindle fibres contract, chromatids are pulled apart towards opposites poles. 4- Two nuclei form at each end of the cell. 5- The cytoplasm starts to divide. 6- Two daughter cells are formed. |
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Term
| What is meant by a “diploid cell” |
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Definition
| Diploid cells have two matching sets of chromosomes. |
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Term
| Why is cell culture done? |
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Definition
- Make food & drink (e.g. beer, wine.
- Test antibiotic, vaccines, medicine. |
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Term
| What is needed for cell culture? |
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Definition
- Aseptic techniques.
- Appropriate medium .
- Control of other factors (e.g. availability of oxygen, temperature, pH). |
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Term
| Explain how glassware can be sterilised |
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Definition
| Heat glassware in an autoclave (pressure cooker) to 121oC. |
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Term
| Explain how hands and surfaces need to be prepared before an experiment. |
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Definition
- Hands need to be washed before an experiment to remove microorganisms from skin.
- Surfaces are disinfected before and after experiment to kill microbes on work area. |
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Term
| Explain how microbes can be prevented to contaminate an opened petri dish |
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Definition
| Hold the lid over an opened petri dish. |
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Term
| Explain how the inoculating can be sterilized? |
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Definition
| Flame the inoculating loop. |
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Term
| Why are lids held onto inoculated petri dishes with tape? |
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Definition
| To prevent entry OR exit of microbes from agar. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1- Duplicated chromosomes get shorter and fatter. The cell is ready for mitosis. 2- Chromosome are attached to spindle fibres at the centromere and positioned at the equator (plane at the centre of the cell). They can be seen to be made of two chromatids.3- Spindle fibres contract, chromatids are pulled apart towards opposites poles. 4- Two nuclei form at each end of the cell. 5- New cell wall forms on a plane at the centre of a cell. 6- Two daughter cells are formed. |
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