Term
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Definition
| Using individual traits and personal power to interact constructively to resolve problems. : influencing people to do their best enhances characteristics. It motivates. |
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Term
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Definition
The act of any individual who guides others through a series of routines, procedures, or practice guidelines.
Building blocks, appoints positions and tasks, deligate, staffing |
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Definition
A complementary set of actions that contribute to problem solving, task attainment, and evaluation with the use of health and assertive behaviors to support those who are leading or managing.
Support management and leadership. Provides feedback |
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Term
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Definition
| Possession of social skills, interpersonal competence, psychological maturity, and emotional awareness devoted to helping people work well together. |
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Term
| The Five Domains of Emotional Intelligence |
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Definition
Having self-awareness
Managing emotions
Motivating self
Being empathetic
Handling relationships |
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Term
| Trait Theories (Leadership): |
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Definition
| 1900-1950, “born with the trait,” innate not learned, focuses on self awareness and seeking positions that enhance traits |
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Term
| Style Theories (Leadership): |
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Definition
| mid-1950s, group and exchange theories, good relationship with subordinates and comprehension of work environment, obtain feedback, employee centered good for effectiveness and productivity, centered good for effectiveness and productivity |
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Term
| Situational Contingency Theories (Leadership): |
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Definition
| 1960-1970, have three relationships: task, interpersonal skills, and favorableness of work situation. Must have three factors: trust and respect, task structure, and position power. Assess situation and determine appropriate action based on people involved. |
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Term
| Transformational Theory (Leadership): |
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Definition
| recent past with globalization, combines needs and motives of followers, inspires, optimistic, intellectual stimulation, creativity, encourages self-management |
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Term
| Hierarchy of needs (Motivational): |
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Definition
| Maslow, 1943, begins with physiological needs, then safety, social esteem, go to self actualizing. Ex: enough money to sustain life will drive to promote job change, money incentives |
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Term
| Two Factor Theory (Motivational): |
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Definition
| combines working conditions (like hygiene) and motivation factors |
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Term
| Two Factor Theory (Motivational): |
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Definition
| combines working conditions (like hygiene) and motivation factors |
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Term
| Expectancy Theory (Motivational): |
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Definition
| 1994, perceived needs influence behavior, rewarded for good behavior |
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Term
| OB modification (Motivational): |
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Definition
| 2008 based off skinner, ABC model (A-antecedent analysis of clear expectations and baseline data collection, B-behavioral analysis and determination, C-consequence analysis) punishment is unpredictable). |
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Term
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Definition
| Develop networks, encourage non-hierarchical (bottom’s up), interaction among workers, become a leadership “tag” (?), focus on emergence of creative solutions, think systematically (big picture), balance short and long term objectives, recognize how everything works together, both measureable and non-measureable data |
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Term
| Gardner Theory (complexity): |
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Definition
| 1- envisioning goals (imagine outcomes), 2-affirming values (gives purpose, direction, and precedence), 3-motivating (relating to and inspiring, values drive action), 4- Managing (good leaders and followers), 5- achieving workable unity (getting all parties to work together), 6- developing trust (consistency, tell the truth, don’t mislead), 7- Explaining (big in communication), 8- serving as symbol (representing values), 9- representing group (Magnet recognition, not your needs), 10- renewing (generate energy) |
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Term
| Bleich’s tasks of management (complexity): |
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Definition
| tasks for management and tasks for followership, followers compliment leaders and management, Each person must act on his or her prescribed role in a process of care. |
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Term
| Self-knowledge and emotional intelligence |
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Definition
| Emotional intelligence: possession of social skills, interpersonal competence, psychological maturity, and emotional awareness devoted to helping people work well together. |
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Term
| 5 domains of emotional intelligence: |
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Definition
Having self awareness
Managing emotions
Motivating self
Being empathetic
Handling relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| Envisions what is happening outside of self while being able to recognize and own feelings associated with the event. |
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Term
| Collaborative decision making |
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Definition
| Managers, leaders, and followers all working and repecting each other to produce the best outcome. This includes the ability to shifting between managing, leading and following on an almost momtent to moment basis. |
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Term
| Define and apply followership |
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Definition
| Complementary set of actions that contribute to problem solving, task attainment and evaluation with the use of health and assertive behaviors to support those who are leading or managing. “loyalty up” |
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Term
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Definition
| Philosophic, patient centered, values driven characteristics that give organization its personality. 2 clinical settings: focuses on caring the other focuses on cost. The caring and cost are considered the “tag” (what an organization is known for). |
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Term
| Transactional vs. transformational |
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Definition
| Transactional: “boss”, hierarchy, subordinates have little input, reward for increase performance and punish for decrease performance, motivates with external rewards |
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Term
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Definition
| inspiring vision changes to influence employees, emotional engagement. Higher level of motivation and greater sense of purpose while produces positive results. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pick a mentor, lead by example, share rewards (don’t take all the credit), accept responsibility (don’t pass the blame), have a clear vision ( where you are going), willing to grow ( actively seeking growth) |
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Term
| Leadership survive and thrive |
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Definition
| Maintain balance (time management),Generate self motivation ( won’t receive much external motivation), build self confidence ( avoid arrogance), listen (doesn’t mean you will take action), maintain positive attitude ( future orientated) |
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Term
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Definition
Establish objectives and goals, organize and analyze, motivate and communicate to people assigned to task, review performance, develop people
Planning, budgeting, setting target goals, organizing, staffing, controlling, and solve problems
iii.
Participate and interpret research, mentor is interactive, know organizational culture of hospital |
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Term
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Definition
| Uncertainty and vast number of possibilities that can be used in different situations. Leaders display various roles according to the needs of a system. Courageous followership is built on a platform of courageous relationship |
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Term
| Advantages and disadvantages of a flat organizational structure |
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Definition
| Decentralized decision making replaces the centralized decision making typical of functional structures. Less formalized than hierarchical organizations. A decrease in struck adherence to rules and policies allows individualized decisions that fit specific situations and meet the needs created by the increasing demands associated with consumerism, change and competition. Degree of flattening varies upon organization. Some often retain some bureaucratic characteristics. |
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Term
| Discuss the Institute of Medicine report –“Crossing the Quality Chasm” |
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Definition
The intent of the book was to improve the systems within which health care was delivered. The report spelled out six major aims in providing health care.
Patient- centered – has lessened the past practices of disciplined (e.g., nursing and pharmacy) and services (e.g., orthopedics and urology) vying for control of the patient. Now, because care is to be rendered with the patient rather than to the patient , the emphasis of care is about what is provided- not who controls the decision about care. (one of two receiving much attention)
Equitable – has emphasized what the literature refers to as disparities and has led to thoughtful consideration of what best practices are and how they can be provided. (second of two receiving much attention) |
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Term
| Discuss the STAR approach to patient safety |
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Definition
These for elements make perfect sense in delivering patient care; they make equal sense in performing managerial or leadership tasks.
S- Stop to concentrate on the task
T- think about the task
A- act to accomplish the task
R- review how well the task was accomplished |
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Term
| Describe 5 steps to safer care. Apply quality management principles to clinical situations. |
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Definition
Ask questions if you have doubts or concerns.
Keep and bring a list of ALL medications that you take
Get the results of any test or procedure
Talk to your doctor about which hospital is best for your health needs.
Make sure you understand what will happen if you need surgery. |
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Term
| Use the six steps of the quality improvement process. |
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Definition
1. operates most effectively within a flat, democratic, organizational structure (clear delineation of roles within a nonthreatening environment must be established and nurses and other healthcare workers must accept QI as an integral part of their role)
2.Managers and workers must be committed to quality improvement
3. The goal of quality management is to improve systems and processes, not to assign blame. (When patient safety indicators are used to examine hospital performance the blame is then aimed at the system not the individual).
4. Customers define quality – consumers are considered external customers and may not be educated in health care but they know if they are satisfied with the service received.
5. Quality improvement focuses on outcomes – they are specific and measurable and describe patients’ behavior. Outcome statement may be based on patients’ needs, ethical and legal standards of practice, or other standardized data systems.
6. f. Decisions must be based on data – the use of statistical tools enables nurse managers to make objective decisions about QI activities. It is imperative that data are not merely collected to support a preconceived idea. It must be gathered and analyzed without bias before improvement suggestions and recommendations are made. |
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Term
| STEPS IN THE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROCESS |
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Definition
1. Identify needs most important to the consumer of healthcare services.
2. Assemble a multidisciplinary team to review the identified consumer needs and services.
3. Collect data to measure the current status of these services.
4. Establish measurable outcomes and quality indicators
5. Select and implement a plan to meet the outcomes.
6. Collect data to evaluate the implementation of the plan and achievement of outcomes. |
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Term
| Discuss managed care and its goal |
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Definition
| Prepaid group practice plans. Configuration of healthcare agencies that provide basic and supplemental health maintenance and treatment services to voluntary enrollees who prepay a fixed periodic fee without regard to the amount of service used. HMO’s must offer inpatient and outpatient services, treatment and referral for drug and alcohol problems, laboratory and radiology serves, preventative dental services for children younger than 12 years, and preventive healthcare services in addition to physician services. |
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Term
| Discuss consolidated systems and their 5 levels. |
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Definition
Level 1 – includes the large national hospital companies, most of which are investor owned.
Level 2 – involves large voluntary affiliated systems, which provide members with access to capital, political power, management expertise, joint venture opportunities, and links to health insurance services, or as in Canada, to a national healthcare coverage program.
Level 3 – involves regional hospital systems that cover a defined geographic area, such as an area of a state.
Level 4 – Involves metropolitan-based systems.
Level 5 – Is composed of the special interest groups that own and operates unites organized along religious lines, teaching interests, or related special interests that drive their activities. Often crosses over the regional, metropolitan, and national levels already described. |
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Term
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Definition
| first-access care provides ambulatory care centers, physicians offices, preferred provider organizations, nursing centers, independent provider organizations, health maintenance organization, school health clinics. |
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Term
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Definition
| short-term and episodic care. Defined as a facility in which the average length of stay is less than 30 days. |
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Term
| Long-term care(chronic care) – |
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Definition
| facilities that provide services for patients who require care for extended periods in excess of 30 days. |
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Term
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Definition
| facilities that patients are released to after conditions are stabilized. They may stay in these places until they are rehabilitated and able to return home or to a long-term care facility. |
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Term
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Definition
| often referred to as voluntary agencies- are controlled by voluntary boards or trustees and provide care to a mix or paying and charity patients. Excess revenue over expenses is redirected into the organization for maintenance and growth rather than returned as dividends to stock holders. Are required to serve people regardless of their ability to pay. |
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Term
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Definition
| Referred to as proprietary or investor-owned organizations. Operate with the specific intent of earning a profit by providing healthcare services to individuals who can afford to pay for these services. Owners may be individuals, partnerships, corporations, or multisystems. Offer fewer unprofitable services and selectively seek to avoid providing uncompensated care and are required to pay taxes that can have an impact on their bottom line. |
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Term
| Describe CMS(Center for Medicare and Medicaid) and its responsibilities |
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Definition
CMS is A regulatory agency that monitors functions in healthcare organizations. Medicare is the country’s largest and most influential health insurance program, providing healthcare funding for more than 40 million individuals. Is not limited to individuals’ age 65 years or older. Persons with certain permanent illnesses, such as end-stage renal disease also receive Medicare health benefits. Because of it’s size the federal government serves as the leading regulator of healthcare services in this country. Participation is regulated by a complex set of rules outlined in a lengthy set of guidelines. They are established to improve quality an protect the health and safety of Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries by specifying the requirements that organizations must meet to be eligible to receive Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement.
It is responsible for contracts with one organization in each state to work with healthcare organizations to improve quality, efficiency, and effectiveness of care provided in that state to Medicare beneficiaries. Is designed to ensure that hospitals systematically examine the quality of care provided and that they use the data to develop and implement projects that improve quality, enhance patient safety, and reduce medical errors. |
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Term
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Definition
| arrange departments and services according to specialty. This structure is common in healthcare organizations. Departments providing similar functions report to a common manager or executive. (example: healthcare organization would have vice presidents for each major function: nursing, finance, human resources, and information technology). This structure tends to support professional expertise and encourage advancement. It may result in discontinuity of patient care services. Delays in decision making can occur is a silo mentality develops in this group. |
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Term
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Definition
| complex and designed to reflect both function and service in an integrated organizational struction. The manager of a unit responsible for a service reports to both a functional manager and a service or product line manager. (example: a director of pediatric nursing could report to both a vice president for pediatric services and a vice president of nursing. This design enables timely response to the forces in the external environment that demand continual programming, and it facilitates internal efficiency and effectiveness through the promotion of cooperation among disciplines. Is both a bureaucratic structure and a flat structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| functions necessary to produce a specific service of product are brought together into an integrated organizational unit under the control of a single manager or executive. (example: cardiology service line at an acute care hospital might include all professional, technical, and support personnel providing services to the cardiac patient population. In addition to managing the budget and the facilities for these areas, the manager typically would be responsible for coordinating services for the physicians and other providers who admit and care for these patients. |
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Term
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Definition
| are those that involve direct responsibility for accomplishing the objectives of a nursing department , service, or unit. May include registered nurses, licensed practical/vocational nurses, and unlicensed assistive personnel who have the responsibility for carrying out all aspects of direct care. |
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Term
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Definition
| are those that assist those in line positions in accomplishing the primary objectives. They include individuals such as staff development personnel, researchers, and special clinical consultants who are responsible for supporting line positions through activities of consultation, education, role modeling and knowledge development, with limited or no direct authority for decision making. |
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Term
| Hyprid organizational structure |
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Definition
| is one that has characteristics of several different types of structures. As organizational structures are changing some managers are hesitant to relinquish their traditional role in a centralized decision-making process. This reluctance, when combined with recognition of the need to move to a more facilitative role, is partially responsible for the development of hybrid structures. |
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Term
| effective team is characterized by |
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Definition
its clarity of purpose, informality and congeniality, commitment, and high level of participation. The members’ ability to listen respectfully to each other and communicate openly helps them handle disagreements in a civilized manner and work through them rather than suppress them. Roles and work assignments are clear, and members share the leadership role, recognizing that each person brings his or her own unique strengths to the group efforts. This style helps the tam adapt to changes and challenges, as does the team’s ability and willingness to assess its own strengths and weaknesses and respond to them appropriately.
Conflict resolution
Singleness of mission
Willingness to cooperate
Commitment |
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Term
| Describe SBAR an.d its use |
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Definition
| Can be and effective guideline when communicating. Often used to convey clinical information from one caregiver to another. Most of the tools are used to facilitate a positive outcome and to create an environment in which the communicator can achieve the desired outcome. |
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Term
| Discuss Rath’s (2007) research. |
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Definition
| Focusing on strengths rather than on weakness is far more productive and leads to excellence. With all the energy and attention that can be paid, weakness will never be more than average or mediocre. If the focus in on improving our strengths, it is much easier to excel and then to be acknowledged for what we do well. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a purposeful and goal-directed options The hallmark of decision making is the identification and selection of options. Decision making includes critical thinking and creativity. Approaches to Decision making includes Defining objectives, generating options, identifying advantages and disadvantages of options, ranking the options, select options that achieve the objectives, implementing the options and evaluating the results. |
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Term
| MODELS of decision making include |
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Definition
Normative approaches for routine decisions.
Descriptive or behavioral approach, for subjective, unstructured and non-routine situations.
Satisficing- for quick decisions that minimally meet the objective when time is an issue.
Optimizing Pro and con analysis with selection of the best option. |
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Term
| STYLES of decision making include: |
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Definition
Autocratic- Rapid decisions in times of crisis
Democratic-including input of nurses in processes that involve patient care. |
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Term
| Group decision making involves 2 primary criteria for effective decision making: |
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Definition
Must be of high quality (achieves predefined goals, objectives and outcomes.)
Those who are responsible for implementation must be responsible for the decision. |
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Term
| STRATEGIES to decision making: |
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Definition
Brainstorming- effective for generating a large amount of options.
Nominal Group Technique- All members provide input into the decision making process by silently writing down problem/solution ideas to predetermined issue. Once complete, members share ideas and nominate the best ones.
Focus Groups- Used to identify problems or to evaluate the effects of an intervention in a face-to face setting which includes a moderator, or facilitator.
Delphi technique- Systematic collection and summarization of opinions and judgments from respondents such as expert panels through interviews, surveys or questionnaires. Generally calls for anonymous feedback, multiple rounds and statistical analysis. TOOLS Grids- facilitate visualization of the options under consideration and allow comparison of the options using common criteria.
SWOT- used in strategic planning and decision making= Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats. |
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Term
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Definition
| effective for generating a large amount of options |
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Term
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Definition
| All members provide input into the decision making process by silently writing down problem/solution ideas to predetermined issue. Once complete, members share ideas and nominate the best ones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to identify problems or to evaluate the effects of an intervention in a face-to face setting which includes a moderator, or facilitator. |
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Term
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Definition
| Systematic collection and summarization of opinions and judgments from respondents such as expert panels through interviews, surveys or questionnaires. Generally calls for anonymous feedback, multiple rounds and statistical analysis. TOOLS Grids- facilitate visualization of the options under consideration and allow comparison of the options using common criteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| used in strategic planning and decision making= Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats. |
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Term
| PROCESS: The main principles for diagnosing a problem are: |
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Definition
| 1. know the facts, 2. separate the facts from interpretation 3. be objective and descriptive 4 determine the scope of the problem. |
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Term
| Most common cause of failure to solve a problem is |
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Definition
| improper identification of the problem |
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Term
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Definition
Time: take the time to discover the root cause.
Exposure: Learn what others have done
Assistance: Have members of the team investigate all aspects of the issue
Creativity: Brainstorm to identify solutions
Hit it: Implement the best solution |
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Term
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Definition
| decides to make decisions independent of the input of others aka. “Decide and announce” approach. This approach results in a rapid decision making and is appropriate for crisis situations or when groups are likely to accept this type of decision style. |
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Term
| Participative or democratic style- |
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Definition
| Involves the appropriate personnel in the decision making process. It is imperative for managers to involve nursing personnel in making decisions that affect patient care. |
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Term
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Definition
| The decision maker selects a solution that minimally meets the objective or standard for a decision. It allows for quick decisions and may be most appropriate when time is an issue. |
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Term
| Describe appropriate ways for a nurse to exercise power. |
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Definition
| Today, in an era of expanding nursing roles,(e.g, advanced practice nurses, clinical nurse leaders, and new roles for graduates of doctor of nursing practice programs), nurses must continue to exercise their power to shape the continuing development of the profession of nursing and the future of the healthcare system. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the ability to influence others in an effort to achieve goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the process of using power. Influence can range from the punitive power of coercion to the interactive power of collaboration. |
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Term
| Oppressed group behavior is apparent when |
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Definition
| a population is dominated by another group. This subordinate or oppressed group begins to take on the characteristics of the dominant group and reject the characteristics of their own group. Nurses have taken on some of these characteristics such as low self-esteem( “I am just a nurse”), passive aggressiveness( nurse-on-nurse bullying), distancing oneself from other nurses( the failure of nurses to join professional organizations), and engaging in intragroup conflicts(“infighting”, or horizontal violence). |
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Term
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Definition
| supports the empowerment of participants through interaction and the refinement of their interpersonal skills. Active participation in nursing organizations is the most effective method of establishing a professional network outside one’s place of employment. Many nurses have limited networks within where they are employed. One strategy to expand is to have lunch or coffee with someone from another department, including managers from non-nursing departments, at least two or three times a month. Successful networker identifies a core of networking partners who are particularly skilled, insightful, and eager to support the development of colleagues. Always stay connected with your networks. |
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Term
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Definition
Process by which the guiding members of the organization envision their future and develop the necessary and appropriate procedures and operations to actualize that future. Focus is designed to encompass the organization’s emphasis on mission statements, strategic action plans, changes in policies and procedures, environmental factors affecting the organization, and the development and execution of new services.
Assessment of external and internal environment
Opportunities and treats, strengths and weaknesses
Objectives
Strategies
Plans
Implementation
Evaluation |
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Term
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Definition
| reflects the purpose and direction of the healthcare organization or a department within it. |
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Term
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Definition
| provides direction for the organization and/or department within it. Content usually specifies organizational beliefs regarding the rights of individuals, beliefs regarding health and nursing, expectations of practitioner, and commitment of the organization to professionalism, education, evaluation, and research. |
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Term
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Definition
| Statement of where you are going and what direction you want to headed in. What you see in the future. |
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Term
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Definition
| analysis of change situation, which he called force field analysis, includes early and ongoing assessment of barriers and facilitators. |
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Term
| Three phases of Lewin’s change theory |
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Definition
Unfreezing – awareness of an opportunity, need, or problem for which some action is necessary; it also requires subsequent mental readiness to approach the issue. May occur naturally as a progressive development of may result from a deliberate activity as a first step in planning a change.
Experiencing the change – or solution leads to incorporation of what is new or different into work and interpersonal processes. Deciding to begin to use the change or being unexpectedly thrust into the change can result in potential integration of the new way of thinking or doing.
Refreezing - occurs when the participation in the change situation accept and use the new attitude or behavior. Acceptance is assumed once most staff members integrate the change into their work process. |
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Term
| 5 stages of Roger’s innovation-decision process |
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Definition
Used for individual change. Is the choice of the individual, over time, to accept or reject a new idea for use in practice. Decision-making actions pass through five sequential stages. The decision to accept or not accept can happen anytime throughout the stages.
1. Knowledge – exposure to an innovation and how it functions
2. Persuasion – development of attitudes about an innovation through psychological involvement and selective perception
3. Decision – commitment to adoption
4. Implementation – putting the innovation into practice
5. Confirmation - evaluating the innovation |
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Term
| Havelocks’ phases of change |
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Definition
| Is a linear model and offers systematic problem-solving methods designed to achieve change. The use of planned change can be useful for low-level change in more stable environments. |
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Term
| Havelocks’ 6 phases of change |
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Definition
1.Building a relationship
2.Diagnosing the problem
3.Acquiring relevant resources
4.Choosing the solution
5.Gaining acceptance
6.Stabilizing the innovation and generating self-renewal |
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Term
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Definition
| a. Classic references describe that cybernetic theory supports that access to what the theory calls negative feedback establishes communication networks that act as monitors of specific types of information. Analysis of this feedback, or information indicating a correction must occur within the system informs the change agent where problems exists: whether the course of the accelerated change process has veered away from its progress toward desired outcomes or some action is needed to facilitate continued progress toward a particular goal. |
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Term
| nonlinear theories (chaos and learning organization theory) for managing high-level change |
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Definition
We can no longer rely on rules, policies, and hierarchies to enforce change and achieve outcomes in rigid and inflexible ways. The rapidly changing nature of human and world factors underscores how an emphasis on rules and policies is shortsighted, wastes time, and fails to accomplish goals in the long run. Organizations are open systems operating in complex, fast changing environments. Open means that such systems (organizations/services) are affected by and simultaneously affect their environment.
Learning organizations – are organizations that place emphasis on flexibility and responsiveness. Specifically, complex organizations that are responsive to internal and external influences are trying to survive in an unpredictable healthcare environment. They can best respond and adapt when members of the organization complete their work with others using a learning approach. |
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Term
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Definition
| a. Includes: alleviating vulnerabilities (physiologic and interpersonal), therapeutic engagement and developing a relationship. Mutuality balances power and respect and promotes productive communication |
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Term
| 4 major responsibilities of nurses: |
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Definition
| service, advocacy, teaching, leadership |
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Term
| 7 primary dimensions of patient centered care |
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Definition
1. Respect for patients values, preferences, and expressed needs
2. Coordination and integration of care
3. Information, communication, and education
4. Physical comfort
5. Emotional support and alleviation of fear and anxiety
6. Involvement of family and friends
7. Transition and continuity |
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Term
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Definition
responds to the needs of the customer
Engaging family and patient, improving health of population, improving safely and reliability healthcare system, appropriate and compassionate care, eliminating overuse, currently not service orientated, quality of care outcomes in relation to standards vs. service measures perception of what matters to the patient, consumer driven and consumer focused, high tech meets high touch |
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Term
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Definition
protect consumers basic rights
Defends or promotes the rights of others, changes systems to meet the needs of others, empowers and promotes self-determination in others, promotes autonomy of diverse cultures and social groups, ensures respect, equality, and dignity for others, cares for the humaneness of all.
ii. Keys to better advocacy: develop networking within work agencies, involved professional association to enhance awareness of issues, Knowledge to access systems, Community resources and support network, skills in referring and engaging patients |
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Term
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Definition
patients right and need to know how to care for their own needs
3 P’s for a successful consumer education focus: philosophy (education is an investment with a significant positive return), priority (quality nursing always has education component), performance (clinical teaching excellence is a required nurse competency
Teaching model adapted to nursing process: assessing (analyze and assess), diagnosing and planning (set, plan, develop, assess, and establish), implementing (initiate, test, sequence tasks, vary learning aides, adjust diversity), evaluating (analyze, compare, examine, and validate)
General systems theory for teaching: input (knowledge, context, reason), throughput (lived, experience, consequences, understanding, social/cultural meaning), output (changed behavior, newsstands), feedback (praise, pride, caring, improved state) |
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Term
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Definition
well positioned to influence the quality of care delivered by the staff
Management give up direct control to everything, staff must be supported, giving up control involves being willing to take a risk and having a belief in the other persons’ ability to perform.
Contribute to individual and personal excellence: allowing professionals more influence over their practice, staff opportunities to learn new and varied skills, recognition and reward for success and support and consolation for lack of success, fostering motivation and belief in the importance of each individual and the value of his/her contribution |
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Term
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Definition
degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health info and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.
i. 1st component is the capacity to obtain: people with low health literacy don’t understand their health very well and tend to get less preventative healthcare |
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Term
| Core components of informatics: |
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Definition
| Data, information, and knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
| collection organized and stored together |
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Term
| 3 types of healthcare info technology trends |
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Definition
Knowledge technology
Information technology
Biomedical technology |
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Term
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Definition
| physiologic monitoring, diagnostic testing, intravenous fluid and medication dispensing and administration, therapeutic treatment |
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Term
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Definition
comprehensive data on patient’s conditions, treatment, and outcomes are at the foundation. Have structured terminology, information systems like EMR, quality and accreditation, communication technology, and speech recognition
i. Informatics: science that combines a domain science, computer science, information science, and cognitive science |
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Term
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Definition
generate or process knowledge and provide clinical decision support (clinical computer system, application, or process that helps make clinical decisions to enhance patient care)
i. Evidence based practice: 5 key essential elements: ask a clinical question, acquire the evidence, appraise the evidence, apply the evidence, assess the outcome |
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Term
| Structured nursing terminology |
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Definition
| A specific approach to create a common understanding of words, especially for the purpose of data entry. Currently terminology is not uniform |
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Term
| 3 types of technology for capturing data at the point of care |
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Definition
| Computers on wheels, glucose monitoring, tele monitors, PDA’s, etc |
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Term
| Decision support system and their impact on patient care |
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Definition
| Interactive computer support programs designed to assist health professionals with decision making tasks by mimicking the inductive or deductive reasoning of a human expert. |
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Term
| Infromatics issues with patient safety, ethics, and information security and privacy within information technology. |
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Definition
Safety- work arounds (medication administration, Knowledge of limitations of CPU systems, improper implementation of systems, relying too heavily on technology and not communicating
Ethics- patients are better informed about care and may request specific treatments or need education to make informed decsions based on incorrect information
Information security- inadvertently sending information to the wrong individual, password protection |
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Term
| Information security and privacy: |
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Definition
| Patient's right to privacy of data must be maintained. Any person with the proper permission can access information anywhere and multiple people can access records at the same time. Electronic medical records could be sent to the person and/or site. A firewall is to protect unauthorized users from accessing information regarding patients. Organizational policies developed and monitored for compliance. |
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Term
| factors that are escalating the costs of healthcare |
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Definition
Price Inflation
Administrative insufficiency
Unncecessary care
Patient insensitivity to the cost of care
Consumer attitudes
healthcare financing
Pharmaceutical usage
Changing demographics and disease patterns |
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Term
Reimbursement methods and their incentives to control cost
Paid by 4 sources |
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Definition
Government: medicare, Medicaid (1st major source)
Private insurance: 2nd major source, increase in rates but a decrease in coverage is causing more people to drop private insurance
Individuals: out-of-pocket expenses
Philanthropy |
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Term
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Definition
Done annually based on fiscal year
Why do bedside nurses need to know about budget (pg239). Nurses are not directly connected to saving money and they are one of the highest expenses to healthcare facilities.
Operating budget is how much it cost to run the facility, day to day activites
Capital budget reflects expenses r/t the purchase of major capital items such as equipment and physical plant
Cash budget is the operating plan for monthly cash receipts and disbursements |
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Term
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Definition
| a gov't insurance plan for hospital, hospice, home health, and skilled nursing care that is paid through social security taxes |
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Term
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Definition
| optional insurance that covers physician services, medical equipment, and diagnostic tests. This is funded through federal taxes and monthly premiums paid by the recipients. Outpatient medications, dental services, eye and hearing exams are not covered |
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Term
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Definition
Charges
Cost reimbursement
Flat rate reimbursement
Capitated payment |
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Term
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Definition
| Cost of providing the service plus mark-up for profit. Third party payers (insurance companies) often place limitations on what they will pay by establishing usual charge rates based on surveys of local provider costs. |
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Term
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Definition
| retrospective- payment amount is determined after services are delivered. When reimbursed costs are less than full charge for the service, a contractual allowance (discount) exists. |
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Term
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Definition
| Third party payer decides in advance what will be paid for a service or episode of care. (Prospective reimbursement method) If cost is greater than payment, the provider absorbs the loss. If the costs are less than the payment, the provider makes a profit. |
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Term
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Definition
| Based on the provision of specified services to an individual over a set period such as 1 year. Providers are paid per person per year. Common mode of payment in HMO and managed care systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Classification system that places patients into categories based on teh averagenumber of days of hospitalization for specific diagnoses, considering factors such as age, complications and other illnesses. Medicare, some state Medicaid and private insurance companies use this method. |
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Term
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Definition
| Brings together delivery and financing into one entity. A major goal is to decrease the unnecessary services, thereby decreasing costs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of managed care system in which the primary physician serves as a gatekeeper who determines what services the patient uses. These are paid on capitated basis which means it is advantageous for this type of plan to practice prevention and utilize ambulatory care. |
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Term
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Definition
| Types of managed care plans that give the patient more options than traditional HMOs in regard to selecting providers and services. |
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Term
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Definition
| Comprise networks of healthcare organizations, providers, and payers (hospitals, physicians and insurance companies) The goal is to develop and markt collectively and provide a comprehensive package of healthcare services that will meet most needs of large numbers of consumers. |
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