Term
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Definition
| Coronary Artery Disease, caused by impaired blood flow to myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| progressive plaque formation, high lipoprotein levels increase risk, final stage of atheroma. Often occurs in bifurcated areas. Weakens arterial walls and is major cause of aneurysm |
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Term
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Definition
| lipids, fibrous tissue, collagen, calcium, cellular debris and capillaries that create calcified lesions which can rupture, stimulating thrombosis |
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Term
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Definition
| inadequate oxygen supply to meet metabolic needs. Critical factors = myocardial workload and coronary perfusion. |
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Term
| Coronary perfusion mechanisms |
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Definition
| occluded vessel, platelet aggregation forms thrombus, vessel spasm |
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Term
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Definition
| episode of chest pain precipitated by exercise and relieved by rest. Anaerobic metabolism caused by ischemia results in lactic acid formation which stimulates nerve endings in the muscle, causing pain. Pain subsides with O2 supply |
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Term
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Definition
| MI. complete obstruction of coronary artery. Tissues becomes ischemic and infarcts (dies) if O2 is not supplied. Results with necrotic tissue. Necrosis causes isoenzyme release. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme released w/ myocardial tissue death. Presents as elevated serum levels. Indicates myocardial infarction. |
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Term
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Definition
| amt of blood in ventricles prior to systole |
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Term
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Definition
| peripheral pressure that must be overcome to move blood out of heart into circulation |
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Term
| Factors contributing to myocardial ischemia |
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Definition
| Atherosclerosis, thrombosis, vasospasm, poor perfusion pressure, rapid heart rate, increased preload and afterload, increased metabolic demands, reduced atmospheric O2 pressure, impaired gas exchange, low RBC and Hgb content |
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Term
| Non-modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis |
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Definition
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Term
| modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis |
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Definition
| lifestyle, HTN, DM, hyperlipidemia, obesity, physical inactivity, diet |
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Term
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Definition
| risk factors for CAD: overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, genetic factors |
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Term
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Definition
| Total serum Cholesterol, C-reactive protein, exercise ECG, Electron beam computed tomography, myocardial perfusion imaging |
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Term
| 4 classes of Cholesterol lowering drugs |
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Definition
| Statins, bile acid sequestrants, nicotinic acid, fibrates |
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Term
| Hyper-metabolic conditions that increase O2 demand |
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Definition
| exercise, thyrotoxicosis, drugs (cocaine), hyperthyroidism, emotional stress, anemia, heart failure, ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Stable angina, prinzmetal's (variant) angina, Unstable angina |
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Term
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Definition
| most common. occurs when work of the heart is increased by physical exertion, exposure to cold, or by stress. Relieved by rest and nitrates |
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Term
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Definition
| atypical and unpredictable and often at night. Caused by coronary artery spasm |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs with increasing frequency, severity, and duration. Pain is unpredictable and occurs w/ decreasing activity. These cts are at risk for MI |
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Term
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Definition
| sternum, jaw, neck, shoulder, arm, less commonly epigastric and back. |
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Term
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Definition
| prompted by strenuous, rapid, or prolonged physical exertion |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid/prolonged walking or stair climbing |
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Term
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Definition
| limits ordinary physical activities |
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Term
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Definition
| may be experienced at rest and with physical activity |
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Term
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Definition
| Nitrates, beta blockers, Ca+ channel blockers, ASA |
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Term
| Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) |
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Definition
| unstable cardiac ischemia. includes unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction. most common cause of sudden cardiac death. Usually caused by ruptured or eroded plaque. |
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