Term
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Definition
transport materials from mouth to stomach -peristalsis proceeds in downward fashion -closed off by parasympathetic stimulation of sphincters. --upper esophageal sphincter -- lower esophageal sphincter (AKA cardiac spincter) |
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Term
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Definition
| Hollow muscular organ for mixing food, formation of chyme, inimal digestion and control of entry of food into the small intestines. |
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Term
Muscle Layers of the Stomach |
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Definition
Muscle: outer longitudinal middle circular inner oblique |
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Term
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Definition
muscosal submucosal muscular serous |
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Term
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Definition
fundus (thinnest--food storage) body pylorus |
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Term
| Function of the Small Intestine |
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Definition
major function: absorption duodenum - iron, calcium, fat, sugars, H2O, proteins, vitamins, sodium jejunum - sugar, proteins ileum - bile salts, vitamin B12, chloride |
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Term
| Function of large intestins |
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Definition
final absorption mass movement to proel feces forward defecation |
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Term
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Definition
| glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, and detoxification |
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Term
| Function of the gallbladder |
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Definition
| stores about bile until the body needs it for digestion. |
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Term
| Function of the pancreas (exocrine) |
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Definition
| secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes |
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Term
| What anatomical characteristics of the small intestine help it absorb foodstuff? |
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Definition
5 meters long have villi and microvilli for absortion. |
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Term
| Caffeine, alcohol and GI hormone effect on esophagus? |
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Definition
| relax the lower esophageal sphincter |
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Term
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Definition
| water with some electrolytes including bicarbonate, sodium and potassium |
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Term
| salivation controlled by the... |
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Definition
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Term
parasympathetic stimulation ________ salivation |
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Definition
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Term
| sympathetic stimulation _______ salivation |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscle construction of esophagus |
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Definition
upper 1/3 skeletal muscle --innervated by voluntary motor neurons lower 2/3 smooth muscle --innervated by cholinergic fibers of the vagus nerve |
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Term
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Definition
aids in swallowing (moistens food) secretes amylase - digest CHO supports taste |
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Term
| parasympathetic nerve function in stomach |
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Definition
| increase the tone in the cardiac and pyloric sphincters |
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Term
| innervation of the stomach |
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Definition
intrinsic autonomic fibers extrinsic - parasympathetic (vagus) and sympathetic |
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Term
| Motility of stomach increased by ... |
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Definition
gastrin motilin vagal stimulation large volumes of food intake of isotonic fluids |
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Term
| Gastrin is stimulated by... |
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Definition
vagus nerve
protein meal in stomach
distention of stomach
alcohol
catecholamines |
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Term
| Motility of stomach decreased by ... |
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Definition
secretin cholecystokinin sympathetics presence of diet high in solids, fats and hyper/hypo-osmotic contents |
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Term
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Definition
hormone from the the stomach --stimulated by proteins stimulates the secretion of HCl and pepsinogen |
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Term
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Definition
from small intestine --stimulated by acid and fats |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| gastrin is produced by... |
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Definition
| G cells of the stomach antrum (pyloric region) |
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Term
| Gastrin stimulates the secretion of... |
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Definition
HCl
pepsinogen
intrinsic factor
pancreatic enzyme secretions
insulin |
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Term
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Definition
secreted through entire stomach
-protects the stomach from acids and other gastric content |
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Term
| Mucus barrier can be impaired by... |
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Definition
drugs (aspirin)
NSAIDS
glucocoticoids
alcohol
regurgitated bile
ischemia |
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Term
| If the mucus barrier is lose _______ occurs |
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Definition
| inflammation and ulceration |
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Term
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Definition
| proteolytic enzyme secreted by chief cells as pepsinogen. |
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Term
| Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin ... |
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Definition
| in the environment of acidic gastric juices |
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Term
| Release of pepsin is stimulated by... |
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Definition
acetylcholine
vagal stimulation
gastrin
secretin |
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Term
| Acid secretion is produced by... |
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Definition
| parietal cells of the gastric glands (secrete HCl and intrinsic factor) |
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Term
| ______ allows pepsinogen to be converted to pepsin |
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Definition
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Term
| Pepsin is inactivated by _________ enviornment |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
gastrin
histamine
ethanol
catecholamines
caffeine
cholinergic agents
vagal stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
secretin
histamine 2-blockers such as cimetidine |
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Term
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Definition
| gastrin, HCl and pepsinogen are secreted by the vagus nerve in response to seeing, smalling, tasting or chewing |
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Term
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Definition
| HCl is stimulated by the release of gastrin, via the vagal nerve and enteric nerve stimulation in response to food (particularly proteins) and stomach distention. |
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Term
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Definition
| digested proteins stimulate secretion of acid by the stomach.-- Chyme in the s.i. causes the release of secretin and cholecystokinin, which inhibits gastric secretion and motility |
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Term
| Secretin and cholecystokinin inhibit... |
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Definition
| gastric secretion and motility |
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Term
| 3 segments of small intestine |
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Definition
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Term
| pyloric sphincter controls... |
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Definition
| entry of food/chyme from the stomach into duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| emptying from the small intestine to the cecum and prevents reflux |
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Term
| muscles of the small intestine |
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Definition
outer longitudinal
inner circular |
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