Shared Flashcard Set

Details

N306 Patho/Pharm
Anti-Virals
21
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
11/09/2009

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Why don't we have better drugs against viruses?
Definition
Viruses work within our own cells = hard to kill
Term
What are the two common types of human herpesviruses?
Definition
1. Herpes simples virus (HSV) - sores of mouth, face, genitals
2. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) - varicella & zoster
Term
Where do the herpes viruses sequester?
Definition
In the nerves and nerve ganglia
Term
What drugs are commonly used against herpesvirus?
Administration?
Definition
Acyclovir (Zovirax) - TOP, PO, IV
Famciclovir (Famvir) - PO
Valacyclovir (Valtrex) - PO
Term
What are anti-herpes Rxs mechanism of action?
ADRs?
Definition
Inhibit viral replication, few ADRs, given prophylactically c recurrent attacks
Term
What is Epstien-Barr virus?
Definition
*herpes virus
*up to 95% infected during childhood
*asymptomatic or mild viral s/s
*in unexposed adults can cause mono
Term
What are the manifestations of mononucleosis?
Definition
*Sore throat, fever, fatigue, lymphadenophathy (esp. post. nodes) - lasting 1 wk or more
Term
What is Cytomegalovirus (CMV)? What site does it commonly affect?
Definition
*Very common "infection" - actually herpesvirus
*sequesters in dormant form
*very serious in HIV/transplant pts.
*Affects the eyes = CMV retinitis
Term
What does viral hepatitis cause? Why?
Definition
*Inflammation of the liver
*Elevation of enzymes ALT & AST
*Lysing of hepatic cells release ALT & AST into blood
Term
What two viral types cause chronic hepatitis? Can they be vaccinated against?
Definition
*Hep B = yes vaccine
*Hep C = no vaccine
Term
What drugs are used for viral hepatitis? Administration? ADRs?
Definition
*INTERFERON A (for Hep C) = cytokine compound c important role in immunity.
*Give SQ (self inject 1/wk)
*ADR: flu-like sx, depression
*only works with certain viral genotypes
*RIVAVIRIN = used in conjunction c Int.A
*PO
*Long course = 24-48wks)
*ADR = severe anemias, teratogenic (Cat.x)
*LAMIVUDINE = suppress viral replication in Hep B
*PO = Qdaily
*Few ADR
Term
What is HIV virus mechanism of action?
Definition
Creates immunodeficiency by killing "helper" CD4 T cells
Term
What are the current CDC guidelines defining AIDS?
Definition
*HIV infection AND
*CD4 T cell count <200 OR
*AIDS defining illness
Term
What are retroviruses?
Definition
*Contain single strand RNA which must be transcribed to DNA using intrinsic enzyme reverse transcriptase
Term
When does HIV replicate the quickest? What does this mean for treatment?
Definition
*During initial onset = no immune response yet
*Tx during onset can reduce # of long-living HIV infected cells
Term
What does frequent mutations of a disease causing organism lead to?
Definition
Drug resistance
Term
What types of drugs are used to treat HIV?
Definition
*Immune stimulants
*Abx
*Antifungals
*Antiviral (mainstay) = multi-drug tx
Term
What are the three classes of HIV antivirals?
Definition
1. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2 types)
2. Protease inhibitors
3. HIV fusion inhibitors
Term
What is the Reverse transcriptase inhibitor prototype? What does it do? ADRs?
Definition
*Zidovudine (Retrovir aka ZDV or AZT)
*Intrudes on RNA to DNA conversion = prevents further growth of new viral DNA strand
*Decreases viral load, increases CD4 T cell counts, delays onset of symp, reduce severity of symp.
*ADR = severe anemia, neutropenia
Term
What are the ADRs of protease inhibitors?
Definition
*drug induced diabetes, elevated lipids, fat maldistribution, bone mineral density
Term
What is HIV fusion inhibitors mechanism of action? Administration? ADR? Cost?
Definition
*Enfuvirtide aka T-20
*blocks entry into T cell
*SQ
*Injection reaction
*Very expensive $20,000/yr
Supporting users have an ad free experience!