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| an Achaian hero in the Trojan War, kills Hektor |
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| "The High City," a city built high on hills, usually refers to Athens. |
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| brother of Menelaos; is killed when he comes home by his wife Klytaimestra and her lover Aigisthos. He is the son of Atreus, who fed his brother Thyestes his sons, furthering the curse on his house. Also descended from Tantalus, who tried to feed his son Pelops to the gods to test their omniscience. |
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| plotted with Klytaimestra to murder Agamemnon; killed by Orestes; Agamemnon's cousin; unwarlike |
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| an Achaian hero; fights with Odysseus over the armor of Achilles- who is the better speaker? Odysseus wins and Ajax gets a spell put over him where he thinks a flock of sheep are the Achaian leaders (including Odysseus and Agamemnon) and he slaughters all of them; when he wakes up he is ashamed and kills himself; Odysseus sees him again in the Underworld, but Ajax won't talk to him |
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| mother of Odysseus; daughter of Autolycus and Amphithea; the granddaughter of Hermes |
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| hospitable Queen of the Phaiakians; treated as a goddess |
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| Odysseus' dog who recognizes him and then dies |
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| goddess of wisdom; supports Odysseus and the Achaians in the Trojan War; breaks the tie in The Eumenides because she is masculine although a female; proof that the father is the only parent |
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| embarkation point for the Greek fleet during the Trojan War |
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| the daughter of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy. Her beauty caused Apollo to grant her the gift of prophecy. However, she would not bear him children, so Apollo placed a curse on her so that no one would ever believe her predictions. The mistress that Agamemnon brings home from Troy. She predicts what will happen in Agamemnon but the Chorus does not believe her. She is killed by Klytaimestra. |
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| goddess who turns the men into swine; is tricked by Odysseus b/c Hermes gives him a cure for the poison |
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| whirlpool monster next to Scylla |
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| earliest element of Greek tragedy |
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| one-eyed monster son of Poseidon; is tricked and blinded by Odysseus |
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| a singer of the Phaiakians who brings tears to Odysseus' eyes |
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| Ancient Greek festivals held seasonally, chiefly at Athens, in honor of Dionysus, especially those held in the fall where dramas were performed. |
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| vivid description of physical artwork in poetry; Example: Odysseus' description of his pin; ancient rhetoric |
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| daughter of Agamemnon and Klytameistra |
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| one of Odysseus' men who die on the island of Circe after he drunkenly falls off the roof instead of taking the ladder; we see him again in the underworld where he asks them to go back to bury his body :( poor Elpinor |
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| Iliad and the Odyssey (poems relating to a story of the Trojan War) |
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| large simile that can overtake the action of the poem; elaborate detail |
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| avenged unjust people, became the Eumenides in Eumenides |
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| goddess of strife; creates the Golden Apple |
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| the good swineherd of Odysseus and Penelope; loyal to both of them; aids Odysseus by housing him and helping him kill the suitors (shows his loyalty) |
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| “Benevolent ones” from the Oresteia (originally the erinyes) |
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| One of Alkinoos' son; insults Odysseus because he doesn't want to participate in the games; the best of all the Phaiakians in build and beauty |
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| Penelope's maid; discovers Odysseus' identity when she sees his scar on his foot |
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| a suitor who sleeps with one of the maids, Melantho; throws footstool at Odysseus |
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| wife of Trojan King Priam, mother of Hektor, Paris, and Cassandra |
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| prince of Troy, eldest of Priam's children; killed by Achilles |
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| most beautiful woman; cause of the Trojan War when she is taken by Paris; daughter of Zeus and Leda; Menelaos' wife; foil to Penelope |
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| metallurgy god; married to Aphrodite who cheats on him with Ares; he catches them by placing spider weblike strings in their bed; similar to Odysseus- clever |
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| God of Theives, usually depicted with winged shoes, son of Zeus and Maia; escorts souls of dead to the underworld; messenger god; god of liminal space; trickster, liar, shepherd; he's the one who gives Odysseus a cure from Circe's potion |
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| mortal, but often with one divine parent or from divine lineage; member of the aristoi (the best men); world characterized by agon (competition); works to show arete (manly excellence) |
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| a thinking and knowledge that is shared between two or more people; the strength of O. & P.'s marital bond |
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| Changed into a heifer by Zeus after their affair, and is forced to wander the earth as a cow, tortured by a gadfly sent by Hera to punish her. |
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| Agamemnon's daughter that he sacrificed to Artemis for favorable winds for the Greek army sailing to Troy. |
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| vagabond who gets knocked down by Odysseus after challenging him to a fight. |
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| Zeus throws the Golden Apple into Troy, and Paris must choose who is the fairest: Athena, Hera, or Aphrodite; Aphrodite promises him the love of the most beautiful woman (Helen), so he chooses her; Athena and Hera become enemies of Paris |
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| "she who hides"; in love with Odysseus; holds him prisoner for 7 years on her island until Hermes convinces her to let him go |
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| far-reaching fame- better to die young and make a name for yourself |
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| Wife of Agamemnon; kills him; Helen’s sister; killed by her son Orestes |
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| father of Odysseus who mourns him while he is gone |
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| giants near the cyclops who destroyed 11 of 12 of Odeysseus' ships (not the one he was on) and killed some of his men |
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| Zeus seduces her in the form of a swan; she gives birth to Helen, Klytaimestra, Castor, and Polydeuces; the later two are believed to be mortal and Tyndareus' children |
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| comes out of water as winged gannet to help Odysseus because she has pity for him (gives him her veil) |
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| people who eat from a plant that causes peaceful bliss. Anyone who eats from the lotus does not want to go home. |
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| goatherd who gives armor to the suitors (proves unfaithful to to Odysseus); Telemachus, oxherd, and swineherd chop off his nose, ear, hands, feet, and genitals (feed to animals) |
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| mistress of Eurymachos (Penelope's suitor); lives with Penelope, like her daughter, a maid who proves unfaithful and is killed |
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| husband of Helen; houses Telemachos |
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| In Book I of The Odyssey, the Goddess Athena disguises herself as Mentes (son of Anchialos), an old family friend of Odysseus, when she goes to visit his son, Telemachus. |
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| When Odysseus left for the Trojan War he placed Mentor in charge of his son, Telemachus, and of his palace. When Athena visited Telemachus she took the disguise of Mentor to hide herself from the suitors of Telemachus' mother Penelope. As Mentor, the goddess encourages Telemachus to stand up against the suitors and go abroad to find out what happened to his father. |
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| princess of the phaiakians; daughter of Alkinoos; she is the one who finds Odysseus on the shore |
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| son of Achilles; killed Trojan King Priam |
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| the homecoming tales of the Trojan heroes |
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| Helen's father knows it will be hard to marry Helen off b/c everyone will want to marry her, so he makes the suitors swear that they will try to get her back if anyone carries her off after he has made his decision about who she will marry, which is Menelaos; Trojan War; |
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| hero of the Odyssey, king of Ithaka |
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| song/ode; tragos (goat) + oide (song) = tragoidia (tragedy) |
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| place where the Chorus is located on stage |
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| trilogy of Greek tragedies written by Aeschylus about the curse of the House of Atreus; Athenian Political Cosmogony; Includes Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, and The Eumenides. This trilogy won first place at the Dionysia in Athens. |
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| son of Agamemnon and Klytaimestra; he kills his mother, with the support and protection/defense of Apollo |
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| area in front of the stage |
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| Helen's lover; their love causes the Trojan War; he gives Aphrodite the Golden Apple. Prince of Troy and son of Priam. |
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| Leader of men,” Goes w/ Telemachus to Menelaos, son of Nestor |
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| mortal man- married to Thetis because of Zeus (he's in love with Thetis) who didn't want to be ursurped by an immortal son; Zeus throws a wedding party and doesn't invite Eris (strife) who then creates the Golden Apple, which Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite fight over; one of the causes of the Trojan War indirectly; father of Achilles |
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| wife of Odysseus; clever- weaves and unweaves tapestry |
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| turning point; the point where rising action turns to falling action, also the point of no return. At this point tragic fate is sealed and cannot be avoided anymore. (Often considered to be the moment when Agamemnon yields to Klytaimestra and steps on the carpets). |
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| poet in the house of Odysseus; he sings the song where after Telemachos talks back to Penelope |
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| god of the seas; holds a grudge against Odysseus (for blinding his son, Polyphemus) and keeps him from getting home |
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| the cyclops; son of Poseidon |
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| king of Troy; killed by Neoptolemus |
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| tricks Zeus and steals fire in a fennel stick; means "forethought"; chained to a rock and a eagle eats his liver everyday; Heracles kills the eagle and frees him |
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| When a young boy was separated from his mother (sometimes 7 years old) |
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| The maturation process, usually included some type of violent finale |
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| When a boy has finished his maturation and becomes part of society (usually starts with marriage) |
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| humorous play; satyrs like to get drunk at parties and rape women; goat men |
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| a grotesque sea monster, with six long necks equipped with grisly heads, each of which contained three rows of sharp teeth. Her body consisted of twelve tentacle-like legs and a cat's tail and with four to six dog-heads ringing her waist. monsters that lived on one side of a narrow channel of water, opposite its counterpart Charybdis. The two sides of the strait were within an arrow's range of each other—so close that sailors attempting to avoid Charybdis would pass too close to Scylla and vice versa; eats some of Odysseus' men, but Odysseus is able to avoid her |
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| coming together of "oikoi" or households to form the "polis" or city-state |
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| prophet from the Underworld |
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| Odysseus' son; watches over palace while Odysseus is gone and fights by his side to kill the suitors upon his return |
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| where the audience of a Greek tragedy sat to view the performance |
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| Seer who Telemachus brings with him from mainland Greece; fugitive prophet who tells the suitors about the darkness that is to come upon them |
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| water goddess; married to Peleus because of Zeus (he's in love with Thetis) who didn't want to be ursurped by an immortal son; Zeus throws a wedding party and doesn't invite Eris (strife) who then creates the Golden Apple, which Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite fight over; one of the causes of the Trojan War indirectly |
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| goat (tragoidia [tragos + oide]= tragedy) |
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| husband of Leda, Helen's father |
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| hospitality; guest-host relationship |
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| god of thunder, justice, culture, etc |
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