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| An emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties. |
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| Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system. |
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| An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy. |
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| Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences- and the therapist's interpretations of them- released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight. |
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| In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material. |
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| In psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight. |
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| In psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a patient). |
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| A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic, environment to facilitate clients' growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.) |
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| Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy. |
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| Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. |
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| A behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors. |
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| Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid. |
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| Systematic Desensitization |
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| A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias. |
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| Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy |
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| An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking. |
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| A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state( such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol). |
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| An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats. |
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| Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting (semicolon -insert-) based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. |
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| Cognitive-Behavior Therapy |
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| A popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior). |
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| Therapy that treats the family as system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or direct at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication. |
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| Regression Toward the Mean |
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Definition
| The tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average. |
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| A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies. |
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| The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior. |
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| Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs (semicolon -insert-) a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors. |
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| Electroconvulsive Therapy |
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| A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetised patient. |
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| Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior. |
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| A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain. |
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