Term
|
Definition
| term applied to fungi that infect men only ( usually dermatophytes ) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| growing, forming or existing in the air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| asexual spore produced in a sac-like structure known as an ascus, after the union of two nuclei |
|
|
Term
| The type of speciment collected dictated by.. |
|
Definition
| the site of infection. Collect with as little contamination as possible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collect at the appropriate stage of infection with a good amount. must be collected in sterile containers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the patient is suspected of fungemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aseptically and inocculated into broth bottles containing SPS (sodium polyanethol sulfonate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can also be used un fungus cultures. collected in tubes with heparin. |
|
|
Term
| Tissues can be tested for fungi cultures. true/false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grounded/minced using a mortar and pestle or tissue grinder. |
|
|
Term
| Urine is a common culture used to test for |
|
Definition
| YEAST. first morning speciment is preferred in a sterile container. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can be used for fungus cultures. another early morning specimen following teeth brushing. specimen from the lung, not saliva. you can crush the granules to see fungi. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drainage. can be sent for culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fungus culture. centrifuged prior to inoculation of the media. tests for things like meningitis. |
|
|
Term
| What is used to differenciate fungi? |
|
Definition
| texture, topography,& color |
|
|
Term
| Colonial texture describes |
|
Definition
| the height of the aerial specimen hyphae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| very high, dense aerial mycelium filling the whole petri dish. |
|
|
Term
| Another term for cottony is.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low aerial mycelium which resembles a velvet sheath. raised by not high |
|
|
Term
| Granular / powdery texture |
|
Definition
| flat & crumbly due to dense production of conidia. granular texture is rougher, like sugar. powdery is like flour. can be used interchangably. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Waxy. smooth surface with no aerial mycelium. eg: YEAST |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| various designs of hills and valleys on fungal cultures. often masked by aerial hyphae. better to see on reverse side of slide. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deep furrows irregularly radiating from the center. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| button like central elevation. may also have furrows. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| colonies show wrinkly surfaces. buds are star shaped/have feet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| central depression with a rasied edge. least commonly seen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| colonies look like the surface of the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| be specific - if there are concentric rings of different colors, observe all. Indicate colors on the front & reverse side. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| colonies with dark olivegreen-brown / brown-black pigment. |
|
|
Term
| What stains darkly with or without dye? |
|
Definition
| hyphae, conidiophores, and conidia. |
|
|
Term
| If a fungi is not dematiaceous, it is |
|
Definition
| Hyaliine. meaning clear / colorless. possibly light pastel in color. |
|
|
Term
| Mycoses are fungal diseases classified based on |
|
Definition
| tissue or body site invaded. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affect outermost layers of skin and hair. Little threatening pathology. cosmetic effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| destruction of keratin in nails, hair, and skin. doesnt invade deeper tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves skin, muscle, and connective tissue immediately below the skin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involve deep tissues, and organs. once the fungus reaches blood, it can spread everywhere. |
|
|
Term
| Organisms that contain true nuclei (eurkaryotes) and have no chlorophyll |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Under the microscope, fungi are seen as either.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no cross walls, wide, ribbon like |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| food absorbing portion of the hyphae called a mycelium. found under the surface of the colony |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extend above the agar plate. can support conidia |
|
|
Term
| Reproductive structures.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| look like tennis racquets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| may be flat, turn like a corkscrew, commonly seen in older cultures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oval/round. bud to form daughter cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| room temperature. 25-30. Fungus grows mold. mold phase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Incubation. 35-37 degrees. Grows yeast. Tissue phase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nuclear and cytoplasmic division (mitosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fusion of two nuclei to a zygote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| asexual reproductive structure that forms on the side or endof hyphae on a conidiophore. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a specialized hyphal structure that sits like a stalk. conidia form on this. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also called blastophores. produced by budding. usually in yeast as candida. |
|
|
Term
| in some yeast, the blastoconidia can |
|
Definition
| elongate to form pseudophyphae. they form constrictions at the point of attachment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flask shaped. produce and extrude conidia without increasing or decreasing in length. EG: penicillium and aspergillus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vase shaped. as each is produced and extruded, the tip tapers. aquires a ring of cell wall. saw tooth appearance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conversion of an entire hyphae into multicelled conidium. thin or thick. smooth or spiny. sessile, or on conidiophores. single or grouped. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced the same as macro, the new conidium remains aseptate. one celled. round oval or club. sessile, supported alone, or clusters on a conidiophore. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thick walled. forms when there is unfavorable enviromental coniditions. stores food to survive. will germinate and produce conidia in better coniditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fragment from the hyphae through septation points. thick walled - barrel shaped / rectangular. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separate from conidia because they are only formed in aseptate fungi. conidia form in septate. formed by an internal cleavage of a sac called sporangium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supported on a base or columella and supported by a stalk - like sporaniophore |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nucleus from a male (antheridium) crosses a bridge to a female cells (ascognium) once they form a zygote. it becomes an ascus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| divide by meiosis to form 4 haploid cells which divide by mitosis, to form 8 nuclei. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medically important fungi completely enclosed and is called a perithecium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| binucleate mycelium due to fusion of two hyphaes. terminal end is clubshaped . zygote produces 4 haploid nuclei. |
|
|
Term
| basidiospores protrude from the end of the basidium. |
|
Definition
| the haploid nucleus travels into a basisiospore. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compatible hyphaes. form an arm called a zygophore that extend toward eachother. when they fuse, they form a thick wall (zygosporangium) where the zygospore develops. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| some fungi require 3-4 weeks for growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| toxic and require long periods of treatment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can see budding yeast, pseudohyphae, and hyphae, and conidia. one drop of saline, one drop of specimen. |
|
|
Term
| Lactophenol Cotton Blue Wet Mount |
|
Definition
| Original staining method for fungi. preferred stain for examination of mold colonies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lactic acid - enhances penetration for the solution to the hyphae. then phenol- kills living cells. cotton blue- staining chitin in cell walls. Gylcerol - prevents dehydration. |
|
|
Term
| Potassium Hydroxide Prep (KOH) |
|
Definition
| if specimen is skin nails or hair, cellular material may mask fungal. KOH dissolves keratin to make fungus more visible. In sputum, dissolves background making yeast more visible. |
|
|
Term
| KOH Potassium Hydroxide Prep |
|
Definition
| one drop 10% KOH. heat slightly. pass through flame 2-3times. allow clear, 20 mins then observe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fungi stain gram positive. most common on gram stain are yeast and pseudohyphaes. Hyphae are 2-3 times wider than gram pos. and yeast cells are 2-3 times larger than gram pos cocci. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fungus like Nocardia stain acid fast. appear to be red. mistaken for mycobacteria. possesses branching filaments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to see capsules around yeast. esp yeast cryptococcus neoformans in CSF specimens. dont stand out in black, but will be outlined in ink. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bleaching agent. Taken up into the cell wall. chalkwhite or apple green fluorescence depending on the excitation wavelength when observed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hematology to study blood cells. mycology to search for yeast form histoplasma capslatum seen in blood smears or bonemarrow preps. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specific fungal media are inoculated to initially isolate any organisms. Tube media doesnt dry out as quickly as plates. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some systemic fungi are fastidious therefore.. |
|
Definition
| media contains blood for extra nutrients. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common is SDA. Sabourarud dextrose agar. ph 5.6 nutritionally poor (only has dectrose, peptone agar and water)inhibits bacteria growth but allows fungi to grow! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| selective media must be paired with nonselective media. antimicrobial agents are directed at all microbes. |
|
|
Term
| Antibiotics in selective media |
|
Definition
| is an antimicrobial agent used against bacteria. EG: chloramphenical and gentamicin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| agents that kill or inhibit fungi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits saprobic fungi (dont harm host - eat dead organisms) |
|
|
Term
| most fungi that infect men |
|
Definition
| are resistant to cyclohexamide. |
|
|
Term
| (IMA) inhibitory mold agar. with chloramphenicol used |
|
Definition
| when cyclohexamide is sensitive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Brain heart infusion enriched with blood is useful with fastidious organisms. sheep blood too, esp for yeast. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Potato dextrose agar (PDA)encourages organism to make reproductive structures. enhances pigment production. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*niger seed agar
used for rapid identification of cryptococcus neoformans. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produce phenol oxidase enzyme which results in production of melanin. dark maroon red to brown. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fungal incubates @ 30deg. room temp @ 25 is OKAY. but fungi multiply more slow at that temp. incubation @ 37 may INHIBIT fungi growth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Some fungi mature in 3-4 days, some take 3-4 weeks. All specimens should be incubated for one month before declared negative. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| morphology may vary greatly among strains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| final identification done with microscopic morphology analysis |
|
|
Term
| yeast & fungus like bacteria |
|
Definition
| biochemical tests are the primary basis for identification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used when not enough info received to identify using LPCB. uses PDA PFA media. reproductive structures of fungus are enhanced by growth on these medias. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cut a piece of agar from the petri dish. inoculate the sides of the block. incubate in a moist chamber to not dry out, then place on a slide with LPCB. |
|
|
Term
| In vitro hair penetration test |
|
Definition
| identify fungi called dermatophytes. uses sterile hair with a source of yeast extract for nutrition. hair is from young child, preferably light in color. incubate @ RT for 4 weeks. place on slide with LPCB. |
|
|
Term
| In vitro Hair penetration test results |
|
Definition
Positive: wedge shaped or conical perforations into the hair shaft.
Negative: no wedge shape.
Test is positive for trichophyton mentagrophytes
Negative for: trichophyton rubrum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses pooled human serum like protein. 0.5ml placed in tube with light suspension of the yeast. incubate at 35-37 for no longer than 3 hrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are the begining of true hyphae and appear as filaments. not constricted. |
|
|
Term
| Corn Meal Agar with Tween 80 |
|
Definition
| without dextrose is recommended for the cultivation of chlamydospore-bearing candida albicans. |
|
|
Term
| Chlamydospre production is enhanced with |
|
Definition
| addition of tween 80. The candida species are inoculated onto corn meal agar with tween 80 using the Dalmau technique. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tween 80 is like a detergent. Albicans are most often found in yeast! |
|
|
