Term
| A meeting of Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria after the defeat of Napoleon. The leaders were celebrating victory, but also trying to re-draw maps of Europe. |
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Definition
| what was the congress of vienna |
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Term
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Definition
| in which country is vienna |
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Term
| Czar Alexander I for Russia, Frederick William III for Prussia, and Francis I of Austria. |
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Definition
| which world leaders attended the congress of vienna |
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Term
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Definition
| german prince who was austrias foreign minister for 39 years |
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Term
| what was metternichs plan for conference |
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Definition
a. strengthen countries surrounding France (to make a fence to keep France contained).
b. restore a balance of power in Europe so that no one country would be too powerful.
c. restore European monarchs to their thrones. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how was the encirlcement of france achieved?(fence around france) |
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Definition
Austrian and Dutch Netherlands were combined into one country.
39 German states united in the German Confederation.
Switzerland was recognized as an independent and neutral country.
Kingdom of Sardinia was given Piedmont and Genoa. |
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Term
| how was the balance of power in england maintained? |
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Definition
France had to give back all land taken by Napoleon, but kept its Pre-Revolution boundaries.
Austria got Venetia and Lombardy (in Italy)
Russia got most of Poland.
Prussia got the Rhine Valley in western Germany
Britain won many overseas colonies |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that deposed monarchs should be restored to their throne |
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Term
| what two factors made the conference a sucess? |
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Definition
Because France was not punished too severely.
Because all the winners got something they wanted. |
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Term
| what was the next time they all got back in a war? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| belief that a persons loyalty should to their national state |
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Term
| How many nation-states were in Europe at the time of Napoleon’s defeat in 1815? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which European nation was the first to gain its independence using nationalist ideals? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Giuseppe Mazzini? |
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Definition
| Nationalist leader (and Romantic) from Italy who founded Young Italy. |
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Term
| How did Metternich stop nationalism from spreading in Austria and the German states? |
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Definition
| He censored newspapers, but also arrested nationalist leaders. |
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Term
| What was Romanticism? – definition and 4 major characteristics |
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Definition
Romanticism was a reaction against Enlightenment Ideals.
The four characteristics are:
1. Heavy emphasis on emotion and passion over thinking.
2. Emphasis on the individual instead of society.
3. Celebration of nature’s beauty.
4. Glorification of the past. |
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Term
| Name at least one Romantic musical composer. |
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Definition
| Beethoven, Schumann, Mendelssohn |
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Term
| Name at least one Romantic painter. |
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Definition
Eugene Delacroix
Joseph Turner |
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Term
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Definition
| Political movement that believed in protecting existing forms of government, especially monarchies. |
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Term
| Who favored conservatism? |
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Definition
| Kings, nobles, wealthy landowners |
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Term
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Definition
| Political belief that monarchs should share power with an elected legislature, or Parliament. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bourgeoisie (middle-class), the educated, merchants |
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Term
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Definition
| Belief that change in government should be drastic and possibly violent. |
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Term
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Definition
| The working classes like the sans-culottes in France. |
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Term
| Which two European countries dominated Italy before 1850? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which year did Mazzini briefly become president of an Italian republic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which kingdom gave Italians leadership in their efforts to unite as one country? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was this kingdom the one Italians wanted to lead them |
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Definition
| because it was the only italian kingndom ruled by italians |
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Term
| 30. Who was Count Camillo di Cavour? |
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Definition
| prime minister of sardinia |
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Term
| 31. What did Cavour believe was necessary for Italian unification? |
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Definition
| Careful diplomatic alliances and strategic planning |
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Term
| 32. Part one of Cavour’s plan involved an alliance with which country to defeat Austria? |
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Definition
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Term
| 33. Why would no one help Napoleon III when he felt like Cavour “double-crossed” (cheated) him? |
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Definition
| Because Cavour had done nothing to provoke other European powers. Basically all the European powers were friendly with Sardinia. |
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Term
| 34. Who helped Cavour unite the southern part of Italy? |
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Definition
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Term
| 35. What color shirt did this leader and his followers wear |
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Definition
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Term
| 36. Who was the first King of Italy? |
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Definition
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Term
| what kind of government does italy have? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many states where in the german confederation |
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Definition
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Term
| what two nations led the confederation |
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Definition
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Term
| 40. Why did Austria decline as a European power after 1830? |
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Definition
Because it was a large state and difficult to manage.
Because it had many non-German citizens who wanted independence
Because it had less industrial development than other nations in Europe. |
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Term
| 41. Why did Prussia rise as a European power after 1830? |
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Definition
| Because its people were almost 100% Germans; because it had a strong trading base called the Zollverein; because it had a strong railroad network for transportation |
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Term
| 42. What was the Zollverein? |
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Definition
| A free-trade zone established by Prussia with several other German states. Inside the Zollverein there were no tariffs. |
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Term
| 43. Who was Otto von Bismarck? |
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Definition
| Prime Minister of Prussia and later of the German Empire. He was responsible for the unification of Germany. |
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Term
| 44. Which country did Bismarck attack first in his plan to unify Germany? |
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Definition
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Term
| 45. Why was the Seven Weeks’ War between Prussia and Austria so short? |
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Definition
| Because Prussia had superior transportation, training, and equipment for its army. |
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Term
| 46. What concession (favor, or thing) did Austria grant (give) the Hungarians after the Seven Weeks’ War? |
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Definition
| independence from austria |
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Term
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Definition
| Austria and Hungary were two countries, but had the same Emperor for both. |
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Term
| 48. What was the major difference between the northern states of Germany and the southern states? |
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Definition
The northern states were Protestant.
The southern states were mostly Catholic. |
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Term
| 49. How did Bismarck get the southern states to join Prussia |
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Definition
| By triggering a war with France – the Germans would unify to defeat the outside threat. |
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Term
| 50. Who did the Spanish ask to take the place of Isabella II? |
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Definition
| A Hohenzollern (Prussian) Prince |
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Term
| 51. Why did having a Prussian as King of Spain bother Napoleon III? |
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Definition
| Because he didn’t want to be surrounded with countries controlled by the Hohenzollern family. |
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Term
| 52. How did Bismarck provoke the war with France? |
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Definition
| He said that the French ambassador had insulted the Prussian King. |
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Term
| 53. What did France lose in the war? |
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Definition
| Alsace-Lorraine; they were also forced to pay reparations. |
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Term
| 54. Who became the first Kaiser of Germany? |
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Definition
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Term
| 55. What does Kaiser mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| 56. What did the Kaiser call his country? |
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Definition
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Term
| 57. If the new Germany was the Second Reich, then what was the First Reich? |
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Definition
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Term
| 58. By 1870 what were the only two countries to produce more manufactured goods than Germany? |
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Definition
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Term
| 59. What were the two major effects of the Reform Bill of 1832 in Britain? |
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Definition
Redrew the districts for electing ministers of parliament (MPs).
Allowed middle-class men to vote for the first time. |
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Term
| 60. Shortly after the Reform Bill passed, which group of men also received the right to vote in Britain |
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Definition
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