Term
| Tetrapods have 3 skeletal characteristics |
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Definition
1. strong skeleton
2. hollow bones
3. interconnected to the respiratory system |
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Term
| Name 3 main adaptions for flight |
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Definition
1. rigidity
2. hand is fused carpometacarpus for flight feathers - tips
3 Reduction and redistribution of mass
no teeth, hollow bones furacula |
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Term
| three main area of fusion |
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Definition
fusion the clavicle, the thoracic vertebrae support the ribs + air sacs the synsacrum formed by the fusion of the sacral
And pelvic bones which absorb shock of landing |
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Definition
by the fusion of the sacral
And pelvic bones which absorb shock of landing |
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Term
| Rostrum of the bill coated with |
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Definition
| keratinize coating = rhamphotheca |
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Term
| what are the 1st and 2nd vertebra from the skull and what is different about the occipital bone ? |
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Definition
atlas and axis
there is one occipital condyle instead of two . a single occipital condyle is in dinosaurs, crocodilians and birds |
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Term
| Almost all birds have ___ toes but some have three like the emu |
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Definition
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Term
| What muscle powers the upstroke of the wings? |
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Definition
supracoracoracoideus
Supra cora coideus |
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Term
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Definition
| deep groove near the rostrum where the coracoid bones are received |
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Term
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Definition
| small forked projection extended forward between the coracoidal facets |
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Term
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Definition
| small depression that receives the distal ends of the sternal ribs |
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Term
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Definition
| the top bone of the sternal notch |
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Term
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Definition
| large opening posterior to the lateral caudal process |
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Term
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Definition
| bottom end of the sternal notch further est back |
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Term
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Definition
| small opening in the superior surface of the sternum midline just posterior to the rostrum |
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Term
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Definition
| largest bone of the shoulder joint between the coracoid facets of the ternum and the shoulder joint |
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Term
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Definition
| at the superior end of the coracoid |
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Term
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Definition
| The cup-shaped depres formed by the scapula and the coracoid round condly at th e proximal end of the humerus fits into the glenoid fossa |
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Term
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Definition
| small notch upper end of coracoid near humerus and scapula articulation form a pulley for supracoraoideu muscle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fist digit, carpometacarpus second and their digit |
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Term
| after the femur toward the feet is the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sacral (pelvic) and 6 of the caudal vertebrae together fused fused to pelvic |
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Term
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Definition
| 6 free certebrae not fused to the synsacrum posteriorly fromthe pelvis and synsacrum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| strong skeleton hollow pneumatic pones interconnected to the resp. system |
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Term
| The three main adaptions for flight |
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Definition
rigidity reduction redistribution of mass and modifications
rigid= fusion of digits, and in thorax, pelvis
reductions and redistribution no teeth re-shaping hollow bones w/ air sacs furcula |
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Term
| thoracid vertebrae posterior to cervical vertebrae |
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Definition
| 5 fused bone each suppor a rib |
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Term
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Definition
| 7 lumbar aka sacral vertebrae + 6 caudal vertebrae fund fused to the pelvis making one bone unit |
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Term
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Definition
| 6 free caudal vertebrae (1st y are fused to the synsacrum then there is the pygostyle that a flat blade of several caudal vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st 2 dont attach to sternum and are cervical ribs next 5 attach to vertebrae are thoracic ribs with uncinated process btht braces and overlaps adjacent ribs for reigid rib cage' |
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Term
| what are two types of sternum The most specialize |
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Definition
ratite sternum that's a flat bowl
caromae STernum kekel carina for the pecs |
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Term
| what is the most distinctive region braces and appendicuar retations |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 3 bones coracoid scapula clavicle starts vertical groove of media surface of coracoid The hole formed by the furcula, coracoid, and the scapula, through which the tendon that connects the supracoracoideus runs |
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Term
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Definition
| a depression cup haped scapula and coracoid and humerus fit in proximal end |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The alula, or bastard wing, ( is a small projection on the anterior edge of the wing of modern birds and a few non-avian dinosaurs. The word is Latin and means "winglet"; it is the diminutive of ala, meaning "wing". Is the freely moving first digit, a bird's "thumb", and typically bears three to five small flight feathers,. There also are minor covert feathers overlying the flight feathers. alula feathers are asymmetrical, with the shaft running closer to anterior edge. it is sort of located just after the wrist before the carpometacarpal It's the thumb of the bird |
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Term
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Definition
| ileum ischium and pubis nearly fused with each other and some of the synsacrum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the quill of the feather before the vanes |
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Term
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Definition
| the spine of the feather where the vanes attach The shaft of the feather is the rachis ( rash is the shaft of the rachis ) |
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Term
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Definition
| the vane is made of hundreds of projection called barbs from either side of the rachis |
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Term
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Definition
they extend nearly perpendicula to the barbs
and have hooklets the shaft of barbules is a ramus and it has dozens of barbicels So these things can be rezipped if the come apart .. like velcro |
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Term
| the soft downy part of the feather at the beginning of some feather is c ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| the soft downy part of the feather at the beginning of some feather is c ___ |
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Definition
| plumulaceous and lacks barbucels |
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Term
| the vane that is firm and blade-like is __ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| special contour flight feathers of the tail large, vand, often asymmetrical like the remiges |
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Term
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Definition
| contours (vaned) , down semiplumes, filoplums, powder and bristles |
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Term
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Definition
| short puffy things mostly lacking a rachis simple barbs with no barbules |
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Term
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Definition
| contour feather of the tail |
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Term
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Definition
| flight feathers of the wing there are primary, secondary and tertiaries . They are pennaceous and have asymmetrical vanes |
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Term
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Definition
| not supported by attachment to the corresponding bone maybe not really feathers ...act as a protective cover for all or part of the folded primaries and secondaries |
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Term
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Definition
| the look and size is in between the pennaceous contours and strictl plumaceous down they have a central rachis the are under the contour the insulate |
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Term
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Definition
| hair like with a tuft at the end of short barbs |
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Term
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Definition
| contour feather without vanes just a whisker |
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Term
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Definition
| they have barbs that disintegrate for grooming and waterproffing scatters in poatches of down |
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Term
| Bird feet toe arrangement |
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Definition
anisodactyl 3:1
zygodactyl heterodactyl 2:2
syndactyl is 3:1 with 1 and 2 mostly fused
Pamprodactyl 4 toes, 1 and 2 can pivot all the way around to the back |
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Term
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Definition
Palmate webbed like a duck with 1 free
topipalmate all 4 webbed
semipalmate web is short |
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Term
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Definition
| lobes on the toes that expand or contrace swimming |
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Term
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Definition
| long strong with claws anisodactyl |
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Term
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Definition
| upper mandible longer than lower tip sharply bent |
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Term
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Definition
| curves up while decurved is down |
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Term
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Definition
| square rounded graduated pointed notched forked |
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Term
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Definition
| teeth crow sized no keel long arms |
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Term
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Definition
| long tail teeth long tail. a wishbone, a breastbone, hollow, thin-walled bones, air sacs in the backbones, and feathers |
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Term
| so there were question on the test about the head bones the jaw and beak questions as well as a lot about feet |
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Definition
| And there were organ questions too heart, stomach, lungs, crop |
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