Term
Mutation
1. What is it?
2. What is it a result of?
3. What do you call something that generates mutation?
4. What are some examples of mutagens?
5. Are the effects good or bad?
6. What does a mutation in a gamete cause? |
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Definition
1. An error in base sequence that is carried along during DNA replication
2. Results from spontaneous/random events or can be induced by external agents
3. Mutagens
4. Viruses, chemicals and ionizing radiations
5. ranges from negligible to catastrophic.
6. hereditary diseases or birth defect. |
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Term
| Where in the body does the mutation or effect of the mutation have to be in order for it to be passed on to offspring? |
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Definition
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Term
| Only a small amount (4%) of the genome codes for genes The rest, 96% has been called 1._________. These include: 2._________ |
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Definition
1. "Junk DNA"
2. includes: telomeres, centromeres, introns, regions before genes that control which genes are used in which cells, retroviruses, "fossil genes" (ancestor genes that no longer function due to mutation.) |
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Term
| Stem Cells and Cancer cells have an enzyme, _______, that adds to the ends, keeping the telomeres long. |
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Definition
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Term
Telomeres
1. What are they?
2. How do they protect the chromosomes?
3. What kinds of cells have short telomeres?
4. What is the name of the enzyme that keeps telomeres long?
5. What happens to telomeres during cell division? |
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Definition
1. long sequence of repeating nucleotides that do not code for anything.
2. protects the ends of chromosomes frmo accidental changes.
3. cells that can no longer divide
4. telomerase
5. the telomeres are shortened slightly. |
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Term
| The DNA in a chromosome begins with the ____ that occur at both ends of every chromosome. |
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Definition
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Term
| All the life forms use the same exact bases that codons for proteins except _______ |
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Definition
Answer: except mitochondria
(uses TAGC but different dictionary) |
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Term
Genome
1. What is it?
2. How many genes were found in the Human Genome?
3. How many distinct proteins were found in the body?
4. How many base pairs exist in the human genome |
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Definition
1. All the genetic material in the chromosomes of an organism (all genes, base pairs, etc.)
2. About 25,000 genes
3. 100,000 distinct proteins
4. 3 billion |
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