Term
| what is loudness measured in |
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Definition
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Term
| another name for fundamental frequency |
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Definition
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Term
| the greater the number of v ... the higher the f... of the sound that is produced |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the natural frequency at which a string vibrates depend on T, M.. per ..U, L , L ... of a string |
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Definition
| tension, mass per unit length and length of a string |
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Term
| what can harmonics be electronically synthasised using |
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Definition
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Term
| what is fourier synthesis |
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Definition
| process by which any regular sound can be reproduced by adding regular alternating voltages together |
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Term
| what is the attack of a sound the measure of |
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Definition
| measure of how quickly it measures its peak amplitude or loudness |
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Term
| what is decay a measure of |
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Definition
| a measure of how long a sound takes to die away |
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Term
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Definition
| a periodic change in the pitch of the waveform as the sound continues to be produced |
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Term
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Definition
| a periodic change in amplitude |
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Term
| musicians will often deliberately i .. v .. and / or t .. in order to give expression or variation to music |
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Definition
| induce verbrato and tremolo |
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Term
| what do musicians delibertely do to give expression or variation to music |
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Definition
| induce verbrato and tremelo |
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Term
| what do sound waves consist of that travel through a substance ( normally air) |
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Definition
| compression's and rare fractions |
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Term
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Definition
| maximum displacement from its rest position of one of the particles of the medium that carries the wave |
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Term
| what kind of wave is sound |
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Definition
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Term
| what does light NOT need to travel through |
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Definition
| a substance ( in other words it can travel through a vacuum) |
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Term
| what kind of wave does light travel as |
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Definition
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Term
| what is an electromagnetic wave |
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Definition
| a varying electric field and a varying magnetic field that are at right angles to each other and to the direction of travel of the wave |
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Term
| what is a transverse wave |
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Definition
| a transverse wave is one in which energy travels in a direction at right angles to the direction of vibration |
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Term
| what is the speed of light |
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Definition
| 3.0 x 10 to the power of 8 ms -1 |
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Term
| how many times faster is light than sound |
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Definition
| light is a million times faster than sound |
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Term
| what does polarisation of a transverse wave do |
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Definition
| polarisation of a transverse wave restricts the direction of oscillation so that it only occurs in one place perpendicular to the direction of travel |
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Term
| why can longitudinal waves such as sound waves never be polarised |
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Definition
| sound waves travel in the same direction as the oscillation of the particles they travel through and therefor can never polarised |
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Term
| how do you calculate the speed of sound |
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Definition
| the speed of sound is equal to the distance in meters divided by the time in seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| S .... is formed by a vibration |
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Term
| what does sound need to travel through |
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Definition
| a medium (In other words not a vacuum) |
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Term
| what kind of wave does sound travel as |
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Definition
| a longitudinal wave (Travels as S..) |
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Term
| what is another name for a longitudanal wave |
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Definition
| a compression wave is another name for a L... wave |
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Term
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Definition
| regions of higher pressure that their surroundings (What are C..) |
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Term
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Definition
| R ... are regions of lower pressure than normal |
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Term
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Definition
| W .. L .. is the distance between two successive compressions |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of vibrations per second = F.. |
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Term
| what s frequency measured in |
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Definition
| HERTZ (measurement of F..) |
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Term
| what is the equation for finding wave speed |
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Definition
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Term
| what range of frequencies can the typical human ear detect |
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Definition
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Term
| what are frequencies below 20 Hz called |
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Definition
| infrasound (Below what a human can hear) |
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Term
| what are frequencies ABOVE 20 KHz called |
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Definition
| Ultrasound (Above what a human ear can hear) |
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Term
| what is frequency measured with |
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Definition
| On oscilloscope (Measures F..) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is an oscilloscope calibrated in |
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Definition
| scmm - 1 (Calibration of Os....) |
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Term
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Definition
| calibration of oscilloscope |
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Term
| what is pitch produced from |
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Definition
| produced from the fundamental frequency plus harmonics |
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Term
| fundamental frequency plus harmonics produces WHAT |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a pleasant sensation said to be (In regards to hearing) |
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Definition
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Term
| what forms the basis of the music interval |
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Definition
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Term
| harmonic sound waves form the basis of what |
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Definition
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Term
| any two musical notes of frequency ratio 2:1 are said to be seperated by what |
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Definition
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Term
| the timbre of a wave is made up of what three aspects |
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Definition
| the harmonics present, attack and decay and vibrato |
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Term
| what would you use to analyse harmonics |
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Definition
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Term
| fourier analysis is used to analyse what |
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Definition
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Term
| what does fourier analysis charachterise harmonics in terms of |
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Definition
| fourier analysis characterises the wave in terms of the different amplitudes of the frequencies that make up the harmonics of the sound wave |
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Term
| when a travelling wave is restricted it reflects at each end and forms what kind of wave |
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Definition
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Term
| violins pianos cellos and guitars all have a s .. string that is made to vibrate by either p .. or bowing the string. This sets up a s.. wave on the string. |
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Definition
| stretched, plucking, standing |
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Term
| what does resonating mean |
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Definition
| the air vibrates at the same frequency as the string (Resonates) |
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Term
| what three things does the pitch of a vibrating string depend on |
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Definition
| the mass of the string tension of string and length of the string |
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Term
| the fundamental frequency of a vibrating string is given by what equation |
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Definition
| f = 1 divided by 2l x square root of t divided by m where l is the length of the string and t is the tension and is the mass per unit length |
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Term
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Definition
| points where the total displacement always remains at zero |
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Term
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Definition
| the displacement varies between a maximum in one direction and a maximum in the other direction |
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Term
| what are the harmonics of a string |
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Definition
| the number of frequencies at which the string will naturally vibrate |
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Term
| what is the first harmonic |
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Definition
| the lowest frequency which a standing wave will be set up and it consists of a singe loop |
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Term
| what happens to the wavelength when the frequency is doubled |
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Definition
| it halves and two loops are formed |
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Term
| why at the open end of a pipe must the standing sound wave be a pressure node |
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Definition
| at the end of a pipe open to the air, the pressure is always atmospheric and therefore cannot change. this is similar to the fixed end of a string and therefore at the open end of a pipe the standing sound wave must be a pressure node. |
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Term
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Definition
| when the frequencies of two waves are similar but not identical a regular rising and falling of amplitude of the resultant wave will be heard. This is known as beats. |
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Term
| what is the formula for beat frequency |
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Definition
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Term
| what is quality sometimes called |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the formula for .. energy is found to be proportional to the square of the amplitude |
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Definition
| ( E funny symbol A squared) doubling the amplitude increases the energy by a factor of four Tripling the amplitude increases the energy by a factor of nine |
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Term
| what is the formula for finding intensity |
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Definition
| i = p divided by 4 x pie x r squared. where i is intensity ( Wm - 2) p = power (watts) and r = distances in meters |
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Term
| what is the quietest sound that a human ear can detect |
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Definition
| an intesity of around 1 x 10 power of - 12 Wm - 2 |
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Term
| what is pressure measured in |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the threshold of human hearing |
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Definition
| the faintest sound a human ear can detect |
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Term
| what three things can be done to reduce the effect of noise |
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Definition
| reduce at source, absorb, mask it |
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Term
| physicists use the term noise to mean what |
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Definition
| variation of sound or an electrical signal that obscures of reduces the clarity of the signal |
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Term
| what is the 'common' meaning of noise |
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Definition
| unwanted sound or noise pollution |
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Term
| what is the most obvious factor which reduces the effectiveness of ears when responding to sound |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the loudness of a sound depend on |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens to loudness when there is a three decibal increase |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you find out the number of decibals |
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Definition
| decibals = intensity divided by 1 x 10 power -12 Wm - 2 |
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