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Italian performance directions for grade 5 ABRSM theory
New Zealand
135
Music
Not Applicable
09/25/2020
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Term
a
 Definition
at, to by, for, in the style of
Term
Accelerando, accel.
 Definition
Gradually getting faster
Term
ad libitum, ad lib.
 Definition
at choice, freely
Term
Adaggietto
 Definition
Rather slow (Faster than adagio)
Term
Adagio
 Definition
Slow
Term
Affettuoso 
 Definition
tenderly
Term
al, alla
 Definition
to the, In the manner of
Term
agitato
 Definition
agitated
Term
affrettando
 Definition
hurrying
Term
allagrando 
 Definition
broadening (getting slower and softer)
Term
allegretto
 Definition
fairly fast (faster than allegro)
Term
amabile
 Definition
amiable, pleasant
Term
allegro 
 Definition
fast (allegro assai: very fast)
Term
amore
 Definition
love (amoroso: loving)
Term
andante 
 Definition
at a medium/(walking) speed
Term
andantino 
 Definition
slightly faster than andante
Term
anima
 Definition
soul or animated (con anima: with feeling)
Term

animando 

 Definition
becoming lively
Term

animato

 Definition
animated, lively
Term

appassionato

 Definition
with passion
Term
assai
 Definition
very
Term
attacca
 Definition
go straight on
Term
ben
 Definition
well
Term
brio
 Definition
vigour (con brio: with vigour)
Term
calando
 Definition

getting softer, dying away
Term
cantabile 
 Definition
in a singing style
Term
cantado 
 Definition
singing
Term
come
 Definition
as, similar to (come prima: as before; come sopra: as above)
Term
comodo
 Definition
convenient, comfortable (tempo comodo: at a comfortable normal speed)
Term
con, col
 Definition
with
Term
crescendo, cresc.
 Definition
gradually getting louder
Term
da capo, D.C
 Definition
repeat form the beginning
Term
dal segno, D.S
 Definition
repeat from the sign
Term
deciso
 Definition
with determination
Term
decresendo, decresc. 
 Definition
Gradually getting softer
Term
delicato 
 Definition
delicate
Term
diminuendo, dim.
 Definition
gradually getting softer
Term
dolce
 Definition
sweet, soft
Term
dolente
 Definition
sad, mournful
Term
dolore
 Definition
grief (doloroso: sorrowful)
Term
doppio movimento 
 Definition
twice as fast
Term
e, ed
 Definition
and
Term
energico
 Definition
energetic
Term

espressivo,

express., espr.

 Definition
expressive (espressione: expression; con espressione: with expression)
Term
estinto 
 Definition
as soft as possible, lifeless
Term
f, forte 
 Definition
loud
Term
facile
 Definition
easy
Term
ff, fortissimo
 Definition
verry loud
Term
fine
 Definition
the end
Term
forza
 Definition
force
Term
fp,fortepiano
 Definition
loud then immediately soft
Term
fuoco
 Definition
fire
Term
giocoso
 Definition
playful, merry
Term
giusto
 Definition
proper, exact (tempo giusto: in strict time)
Term
grave
 Definition
very slow, solemn
Term
grazioso
 Definition
graceful
Term
incalzando 
 Definition
getting faster
Term
l'istesso
 Definition
the same (l'stesso tempo: at the same speed)
Term
lacrimoso
 Definition
sad
Term
largamente
 Definition
broadly
Term

larghetto

 Definition
rather slow (faster than largo)
Term

largo

 Definition
slow, stately
Term
legato
 Definition
smoothly
Term
leggiero
 Definition
light, nimble
Term
lento
 Definition
slow
Term
loco
 Definition
at the normal pitch (used to cancel 8ve)
Term
lunga
 Definition
long (lunga pausa: long pause)
Term
lusingado
 Definition
coaxing, in a sweet and persuasive style
Term
ma
 Definition
but
Term
maestoso
 Definition
majestic
Term
marcato, marc.
 Definition
emphatic, accented
Term
marziale
 Definition
in a military-style
Term
meno
 Definition
less
Term
mesto
 Definition
sad
Term
mezzo
 Definition
half
Term
mf, mezzo forte
 Definition
moderately loud
Term
misura
 Definition
measures (alla misura: in strict time; senza misura: in free time)
Term
moderato
 Definition
moderately
Term
molto
 Definition
very, much
Term
morendo
 Definition
dying away
Term
mosso, moto
 Definition
movement (meno mosso: slower; con moto: with movement)
Term
mp, mezzo piano
 Definition
moderately soft
Term
niente
 Definition
nothing (a niente: dying away)
Term
nobilmente
 Definition
noble
Term
non
 Definition
not
Term
ossia
 Definition
or, alternatively
Term
p, piano
 Definition
soft
Term
perdendosi
 Definition
dying away
Term
pesante
 Definition
heavy
Term
piacevole
 Definition
pleasant
Term
piangevole
 Definition
plaintive, in the style of lament
Term
più
 Definition
more
Term
pochettino, poch.
 Definition
rather a little
Term
poco
 Definition
a little
Term
possibile
 Definition
possible (presto possibile: as fast as possible)
Term
pp, pianissimo
 Definition
verry soft
Term
presto
 Definition
fast (faster than allegro)
Term
prima, primo
 Definition
first
Term
quasi
 Definition
as if, resembling
Term
rallentado, rall.
 Definition
gradually getting softer
Term
rinforzando, rf, rft
 Definition
reinforcing
Term
risoluto
 Definition
bold, strong
Term
ritrdando, ritard., rit
 Definition
gradually getting slower
Term
ritenuto, riten., rit.
 Definition
held back
Term
ritmico
 Definition
rhythmically
Term
rubato, tempo rubato
 Definition
with some freedom of time
Term
scherzando, sherzoso
 Definition
playful, joking
Term
seconda, secondo
 Definition
second
Term
segue
 Definition
go straight on
Term
semplice
 Definition
simple, plain
Term
sempre
 Definition
always
Term
senza
 Definition
without
Term
sforzando, sforzato, sf, sfz
 Definition
forced, accented
Term
simile, sim.
 Definition
in the same way
Term
smorzando, smorz.
 Definition
dying away
Term
sonoro
 Definition
resonant, with rich tone
Term
sopra
 Definition
above
Term
sostenuto
 Definition
sustained
Term
sotto
 Definition
bellow (sotto voce: in an undertone)
Term
staccato, stacc.
 Definition
detached
Term
stringendo
 Definition
gradually getting faster
Term
subito
 Definition
suddenly
Term
tanto
 Definition
so much
Term
tempo
 Definition
speed, time (a tempo: in time)
Term
teneramente, tenerzza
 Definition
tenderly, tenderness
Term
tenuto
 Definition
held
Term
tosto
 Definition
swift and rapid
Term
tranquillo
 Definition
calm
Term
triste, trisamente
 Definition
sad, sorrowful
Term
troppo
 Definition
too much
Term
veloce
 Definition
swift
Term
vivace, vivo
 Definition
lively, fast
Term
voce
 Definition
voice
Term
volante
 Definition
flying, fast
Term
volta
 Definition
time (prima volta: 1st time; seconda volta: 2nd time)
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