Term
| What characterizes the musical life of 18th century Europe? |
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Definition
| The prevailing new style of Europe was international, assimilating features of numerous national styles |
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Term
Which of the following was not part of the Enlightenment movement?
a. belief that reasoning could be applied to social issues
b. belief that religion should govern public morality
c. belief that the stae hsould improve the human condition
d. reverence for nature and naturalness |
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Definition
| b. belife that religion should govern public morality |
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Term
| What describes concert life in the late 18th century? |
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Definition
| d. public concerts became more important |
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Term
| What was a prevailing musical value in the late 18th century? |
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Definition
| music should emphasize vocally conceived melodies with short phrases |
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Term
| Which describes the gallant style? |
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Definition
| c. featured simple harmonies and accompaniments |
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Term
| Which describes empfindsam style? |
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Definition
| c. surprising turns of harmony, chromaticism, nervous rhythms, rhapsodically free, speech-like melody |
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Term
| The emfindsam style is most closely associated with _______. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following does not characterize the classical style?
a. single emotional mood projected in each movement
b. periodic melodies
c. slow harmonic movement
d. differentiation of musical material according to its function |
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Definition
| a. single emotional mood projected in each movement |
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Term
| The most thorough guid to melodic composition was written by _______. |
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Definition
| d. Heinrich Christoph Koch |
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Term
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Definition
| b. chords broken down into a repeating pattern of short notes that elevates the melody |
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Term
| The veiw of _____ psychology dramatically impacted peoples understanding of themselves, which also greatly influenced music. |
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Definition
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Term
| Summarize the role of public concerts. You must explain advertisement for events, role of women, changes in middle class and unlike previous periods, how were public concerts viewed by promoters? |
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Definition
| Public concerts were advertised by word of mouth and through handbills, posters, notices in newspapers, and other printed media. The presence of women of the right social class was essential for making the event a social success. Public concerts and private teaching allowed musicians to make more money. |
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Term
| According to Johann Joachim Quantz and others, what were the characteristics of the best music? |
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Definition
| Music accepted and favored by many people, provided it is founded on sound judgment and a healthy attitude |
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Term
| What characterizes a typical opera buffa? |
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Definition
| c. tuneful arias with short, periodic phrases |
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Term
| What is the name of the musical entertainment performed between the acts of a serious opera or play? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was an important contribution of opera buffa? |
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Definition
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Term
| He was the master of opera seria. |
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Definition
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Term
| This poet's librettos established opera seria traditions. |
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Definition
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Term
He composed La serva padronna. |
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Definition
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Term
| He introduced refinements into the comic opera libretto. |
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Definition
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Term
| He was a major figure of operatic reform and active in both Vienna and France. |
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Definition
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Term
| La Serva Padronna has how many singing roles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is characteristic of opera seria? |
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Definition
| d. frequent da capo arias |
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Term
| The Querelle des bouffons was a dispute about... |
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Definition
| a. Relative merits of French and Italian opera |
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Term
| What characterizes opera comique? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which historic figure composed an early example of opera comique? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ballad opera is the name given to a popular form of opera in _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What characterizes the operas of Jommelli and Traetta? |
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Definition
| b. expanded role for the chorus |
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Term
Which is not a belief of Gluck?
a. demands of solosits should not affect opera composition
b. French language could be used effectively in opera
c. recitative and aria should be less distinct
d. music should assimilate learned complextities |
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Definition
| d. music should assimilate learned comlexities |
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Term
| Which religion adapted church music to the style of opera? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the primary type of sacred music in New England during the colonial period? |
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Definition
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Term
| Outline the general characteristic of opera buffa (five total). |
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Definition
1. A full-length work that was sung throughout
2. Six or more characters
3. Plots caricatured the faults of both aristocrats and commoners.
4. Characters often resembled the stock characters of the commedia dell'arte
5. Dialogue was set in rapidly delivered recitative with continuo. |
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Term
| Outline the general characteristics of opera seria (four total) and who was concerted a master of this type of opera? |
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Definition
1. The simple melodic style of opera buff was assimilated into opera seria
2. The poet Pietro Metastasio established the form of opera seria
3. The music alternates recitatives and arias.
4. Arias were generally in da capo forms with variations in detail.
Johann Adolf Hasse was the master of opera seria. |
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Term
| List the four way Gluck changed Italian opera. |
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Definition
1. He did not singers' wishes or the da capo form to restrict the composer.
2. He wanted the overture to be an integral part of the opera.
3. He lessened the contrast between recitative and aria.
4. His goal was to create music of "a beautiful simplicity" |
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Term
| This form, found in Francois Couperin's La muse victorieuse, utilizes new material in the dominant at the end of the first section and to repeat it i the tonic at the end of the second section is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ wrote the Essay on the True Art of Playing Keyboard Instruments. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which instrument uses hammers to strike strings? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which instrument uses a mechanism that plucks the strings? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which instrument uses tangents to strike the strings, which stay in contact until the key is released? |
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Definition
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Term
| What instrument was invented in 1710 and became a standard woodwind member by 1780? |
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Definition
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Term
| By the end of the 18th century, the role of leading the orchestra fell to ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What Baroque instrumental genre continued into the Classic era? |
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Definition
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Term
Which is not a characteristic of sonata form as described by Heinrich Christoph Koch?
a. it is an expanded version of binary form
b. the form is divided into three principal section
c. first section moves from the tonic to the dominant or relative major
d. the first section presents the principal ideas |
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Definition
| b. the form is divided into three principal sections |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The composer who published some of his keyboard sonatas with the title Essercizi was _________. |
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Definition
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Term
Which does not describe the sonatas of C.P.E. Bach?
a. they helped to establish the three-movement structure.
b. they sustain the Baroque style well into the Classic era
c. they often contain expressive melodies with short phrases.
d. in them, Bach introduced sections of dialogue and recitative |
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Definition
| b. they sustain the Baroque style well into the Classic era |
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Term
| In which region did the symphony originate? |
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Definition
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Term
| This Italian was the first important composer of symphonies. |
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Definition
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Term
| Writing in Vienna, his symphonies featured contrasting themes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Active in London, he was an important influence on the young Mozart. |
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Definition
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Term
| He is considered to be one of the leading composers of symphonies in France. |
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Definition
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Term
| He was the founder of the symphony school in Mannheim. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which center developed an orchestra, referred to as "an army of general" that was renowned throughout Europe for its precision and technique. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Classic-era genre that combines characteristics of the symphony and the concerto is called the __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What characterizes the concerto form of J.C. Bach? |
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Definition
| d. Ritornellos serve as a frame for a sonata form structure |
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Term
What does not characterize a concerto cadenza it he Classic era?
a. it was usually improvised
b. a heavy orchestral 6/4 chord introduced the cadenza
c. the soloist signaled the end of a cadenza with a trill
d. the cadenza was placed at the end of the second solo section |
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Definition
| d. the cadenza was placed at the end of the second solo section |
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Term
| Explain the three ancestries of symphonies. |
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Definition
| the symphony gets its name from the Italian sinfonia, or opera overture. Orchestral concertos and church sonatas followed the same three movement (fast-slow-fast) structure as the sinfonia. The orchestral suite is one source for the binary forms that are common in the symphony. These similarities across genres suggest that multiple influeces led to the symphony. |
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Term
| Explain five reasons why Classic composers prefer major mode. |
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Definition
1. It was seen as more pleasant and pleasing.
2. Allowed composers to use closely related minor keys for contrast. |
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Term
| List the two new musical instruments developed. |
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Definition
1. Fortepiano
2. Clarinet |
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Term
| Summarize the section "The Singing Instrument." |
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Definition
| Composers absorbed the new styles pioneered in opera and vocal music and blended them with existing traditions. In each new genre, melody was paramount. Like pop music today, music moved from the stage quickly replaced the next new piece. Composers didn't stay in the spotlight for very long before someone else took their place. |
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Term
| Outline the four roles of instrumental music. |
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Definition
1. Much music was written for the enjoyment of the players, to be performed either alone or in a social function.
2. Professional musicians performed at dinners and parties.
3. Orchestras, both amatuer and professional, gave concerts.
4. Music accompanied social dancing. |
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Term
| Define galant style and find a music example from this chapter. |
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Definition
| Galant style included: expressive melodies in short phrases arranged in periods, light accompaniments, and new forms. Scarlatti's Sonata in D Major, K. 119. |
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Term
| Who was Haydn's principal employer throughout his long career? |
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Definition
| D. Prince Nikolaus Esterhazy |
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Term
| Haydn's patron asked him to compose chamber music for which instrument? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who persuaded Haydn to come to London? |
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Definition
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Term
Of the following, which was the main source of Haydn's idiom?
a. learned counterpoint
b. empfindsam style
c. galant style
d. italian recitative |
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Definition
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Term
Of the following, which does not typify a Haydn symphony?
a. three movement structure
b. frequent slow introductions for the first movements
c. the reappearance of the first theme at the beginning of the second key area
d. lyric slow movements and stylized minuets for third movements |
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Definition
| a. three movement structure |
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Term
| The heightened expression found in Haydn's symphonies of 1768-1772 is associated with which style? |
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Definition
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Term
| Haydn'ts last symphonies were composed for ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which set of Haydn's string quartet has three fugal finales? |
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Definition
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Term
| Haydn's opus 33 quartets were composed in what style? |
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Definition
| a. lighthearted and witty |
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Term
| Which composer inspired Haydn's oratorios? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mozart was a child prodigy on which instrument or instruments? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of Mozart's master works were composed in which city? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which composer did not exert a strong influence on Mozart? |
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Definition
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Term
| Among Mozart's finest chamber works are the string quintets for which combination of instruments? |
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Definition
| c. two violins, two violas, cello |
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Term
| Most of Mozart's piano works were composed for ________. |
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Definition
| e. pupils, domestic, music making, publication |
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Term
Which of the following describes Mozart's first movement forms in his piano concertos?
a they blend elements of ritornello and sonata form, similar to the works of J.C. Bach
b. the solo sections are devoted exclusively to virtuosic display
c. the two principal themes tend to be identical
d. modulation is limited |
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Definition
| a. they blend elements of ritornello and sonata form, similar to the works of J.C.Bach |
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Term
Of the following, which is not a late symphony by Mozart?
a. Prague
b. Jupiter
c. Military
d. Linz |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following operas is based on a Lorenzo Da Ponte libretto? |
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Definition
| A. The Marriage of Figaro |
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Term
| Which of the following operas is Singspiel? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mozart's final work, left incomplete at his death was ________. |
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Definition
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