Term
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Definition
A bba A
Refrain (A) Stanza (bba) Refrain (A)
typically has 3 stanzas
"Foy porter"--Machaut |
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Definition
aab C
Stanza (aab) Refrain (C)
"Se la face ay pale"--DuFay |
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Definition
AB a A ab AB
Refrain (AB) Half Refrain (A) Refrain (AB)
"De plus en plus"--Binchois
"Rose, liz"--Machaut |
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Term
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Definition
tradition that exists in West from ~300-1963
entire rep memorized (Catholic)
unison unaccompanied song |
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Term
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Definition
every syllable of text set to a note
"Dixit Dominus" from Vespers for Christmas Day--Anon. |
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Term
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Definition
2-6 notes per syllable
Agnus Dei from Mass for Christmas Day--Anon. |
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Term
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Definition
a chant that contains lots of melismas
Alleluia, "Pascha Nostrum", Mass for Easter Day--Anon. |
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Term
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Definition
HUGE melisma on a single syllable
contained in Alleluia, "Pascha Nostrum" from Mass for Easter Day--Anon. |
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Term
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Definition
ritual of Catholic Church that celebrates Christ's death and resurrection
most important service of the Catholic Church
contains ordinary and proper
Mass for Christmas Day--Anon. |
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Term
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Definition
series of prayers that mark times of the day
many chants sung at these rituals
"Tecum principum/Dixit Dominus" from Mass for Christmas Day--Anon. |
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Term
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Definition
single tone around which chant focuses
"Dixit Dominus" from Vespers for Christmas Day--Anon.
formula for how to sing long bits of text and come to punctuation |
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Term
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Definition
two choirs alternate singing verses
"Dixit Dominus" from Vespers for Christmas Day--Anon. |
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Term
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Definition
cantor (soloist) sings, choir responds
Alleluia, "Pascha Nostrum", Mass for Easter Day--Anon. |
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Term
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Definition
days which commemorate days in the life of Christ
Mass for Easter Day--Anon.
Vespers for Christmas Day--Anon. |
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Term
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Definition
| fixed days which honor specific saints |
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Term
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Definition
new info added to preexisting text/composition, often to comment upon it
organum complex Alleluia, "Pascha Nostrum"--Leonin, Perotin, and others |
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Term
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Definition
"dawn song"
what the lookout sings while his friend is having a romantic affair
"Reis Glorios"--Giraut de Borneil |
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Term
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Definition
poet-composers in the S of France, 12th century
texts tended to talk about courtly love
Giraut de Borneil |
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Term
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Definition
homophonic, voices moving in parallel intervals (usually 5th)
organum from book Musica Enchiriadis |
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Term
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Definition
intervals not entirely parallel
start and end each phrase in unison
Alleluia, "Justus ed palma" |
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Term
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Definition
drone underneath and new music/melismas over the top
notes in drone=orignial part of chant
Alleluia, "Pascha Nostrum" by Leonin, Perotin, and others |
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Term
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Definition
style of organum (12th-13th cent.) that includes rhythm in the upper and lower voice
lower voice still original chant
Alleluia, "Pascha Nostrum"--Leonin, Perotin, and others |
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Term
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Definition
discant without additional text
Alleluia, "Pascha Nostrum"--Leonin, Perotin, and others |
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Term
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Definition
discant with words added that are a gloss/commentary on original text
Alelluia, "Pascha Nostrum"--Leonin, Perotin, and others |
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Term
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Definition
a type of isorhythm that contains a repeating rhythmic unit
Kyrie from Messe de Nostre Dame--Machaut |
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Term
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Definition
a type of isorhythm that contains a repeating series of pitches
Kyrie from Messe de Nostre Dame--Machaut |
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Term
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Definition
Medieval and Renaissance "retirement plan"
often held in absentia
Leonin and Perotin held these in Paris vicinity
Machaut, DuFay, and Josquin also held them |
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Term
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Definition
basically the staff of an important Medieval/Renaissance person (king, duke, pope...)
included musicians/priests, instrumentalists, learned people, and courtiers
chapel took care of sacred things
entourage took care of secular things
Machaut, Dunstable, DuFay, Josquin, Palestrina, Monteverdi |
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Term
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Definition
French vs. English
English chapels present in France, lots of music trading going on
Dunstable's "sweetness of the English style" quickly disseminated (less than 10 years!)
"Quam Pulchra Es"--Dunstable |
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Term
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Definition
Catholic council called to decide on one pope
brought together ecclesiastical officials from all over
many singers/composers first heard English music
"Quam Pulchra Es" |
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Term
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Definition
composers who received training in N France and came down to work in Italian courts
15th century
Josquin and DuFay |
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Term
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Definition
pre-existing melody drawn from chant or secular source
used as basis for polyphonic setting of mass cycle
15th cent.-mostly in tenor in prolonged notes
16th cent.-distributed to all voices equally
in Kyrie from Missa Pange Lingua--Josquin |
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Term
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Definition
polyphonic setting of ordinary of mass organized around single concept/scaffold/idea
Missa Se La Face Ay Pale--DuFay (every movement has cantus firmus from ballade of same name) |
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Term
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Definition
only the tenor has the cantus firmus in this mass
usually tenor has longer note values than other voices
Kryie from Missa Se La Face Ay Pale--DuFay |
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Term
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Definition
phrase/motto repeated in all voices within texture
"Ave Maria...Virgo Serena"--Josquin |
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Term
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Definition
first fully printed book of music
published by Petrucci 1501
secular vocal/instrumental music of Josquin ("Adieu, mes amours") and other composers |
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Term
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Definition
simple religious song sung by congregation in Protestant service (aka hymn)
originally monophonic, later polyphonic, simple forms
"Ein Feste Burg"--Luther |
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Term
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Definition
Counter-Reformation reforms carried out here
abolished absentee benefices-->composers began to stay in their own countries
sacred music became "more intelligible"-->words drawn out into longer statements, turned to composers like Palestrina
abolished "seductive/impure" sources from sacred music (eliminated secular cantus firmus from mass and motet) |
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Term
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Definition
mass cycle that spreads cantus firmus through all voices
chant bit used at beginning of phrase, then free composition
Missa Pange Lingua--Josquin |
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Term
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Definition
mass in which each movement is based on same polyphonic model (chanson or motet)
Missa O Magnum Mysterium--Victoria |
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Term
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Definition
secular polyphonic composition
16th cent. Italy or England
includes text painting
love, lust, nature
"As Vesta Was"--Weelkes |
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Term
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Definition
madrigal composers especially used this
music create sonic representation of words for effect
"As Vesta Was"--Weelkes |
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Term
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Definition
harmony more important than words
rules must be followed
Josquin's masses/motets
Pope Marcellus Mass--Palestrina |
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Term
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Definition
words more important than harmony
composer could break rules where words required it
"A un giro sol"--Monteverdi |
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Term
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Definition
vocal style w/ single voice over basso-continuo-like accompaniment
patterned after Greek style, Galilei promoted this
"Amarilla mia Bella"--Caccini |
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Term
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Definition
characteristics of both aria and recitative
possibly melisma, melodic repetition
can be emotional yet also deliver imp. plot points
Pastore speeches from L'Orfeo--Monteverdi |
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Term
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Definition
collection of members of nobility in Mantua
discussed books/music/poetry b/c wanted to be cultured and knowledgeable
partially responsible for production of Monteverdi's L'Orfeo |
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Term
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Definition
ensemble of instruments or voices w/ 1+ instruments, or a work for such an ensemble
generally has basso continuo support
"In Ecclesiis"--Gabrieli |
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Term
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Definition
composition uses different divided groups and puts them in differing spaces
Vespro della Beate Virgina--Monteverdi |
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Term
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Definition
used in 15th and 16th century
choir freeform chanting while sitting on one chord
comes to a cadence
"Dixit Dominus" from Vespro della Beate Virgine--Monteverdi |
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