Term
| Four changes in 11th century that would give Western music many of its basic characteristics: |
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Definition
1. Written composition slowly replaced improvisation as a way of creating musical works
2. The invention of precise musical notation made it possible to write music in a definitive form. Result: composition and performance became separate acts.
3. Music began to be more structured and made subject to principles of order: theory of eight modes, rules for consonance and rhythm.
Dissonance – notes creating tension that required resolution
Consonance – notes that create repose or resolve tension
• Perfect and Imperfect consonances
Perfect: unison, 4th, 5th, and 8va
Imperfect: 3rd and 6th
4. Polyphony (many voices) began to replace monophony. |
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Term
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| a type of polyphony produced by simultaneous performance of a melody and one or more variants of the same melody. |
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| singing in 8vas of same melody. |
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| Musica enchiriadis, (Handbook of Music) and contemporary treatise Scholia enchiriadis. |
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Definition
| End of 9th century, first clear description of polyphony in treatise |
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Definition
| (Plural – organa) organized or planned music |
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Definition
| voice that duplicated plainsong melody at interval of 4th or 5th. |
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Definition
| (meeting) convergence on the unison at the end. |
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| two 11th century manuscripts containing oldest large collection of pieces in organum; also consists of chants of Winchester Cathdral |
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Definition
| parallel organum, free organum (contrary, oblique), florid organum, notre dame organum |
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