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Music History Antiquity-Baroque
11-15
50
Music
Undergraduate 2
12/01/2009

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Term
Roman de Fauvel
Definition
14th-century fable about political power; the ass "FAUVEL" is an acronym for (F)lattery, (A)varice, (V)illainy, (V)Fickleness, (E)nvy and (L)oose morals
Term
isorhythm
Definition
a rhythmic pattern is repeated again and again in a line, usually in the tenor voice; a technique introduced by composers in the early fourteenth century
Term
isorhythm
Definition
a rhythmic pattern is repeated again and again in a line, usually in the tenor voice; a technique introduced by composers in the early fourteenth century
Term
isorhythm
Definition
a rhythmic pattern is repeated again and again in a line, usually in the tenor voice; a technique introduced by composers in the early fourteenth century
Term
talea
Definition
a rhythmic pattern, or unit, repeating in an isorhythmic composition
Term
color
Definition
the melodic unit that serves as a structural backbone in an isorhythmic composition
Term
carole
Definition
one of two main types of dances of the Middle Ages; musical form was strophe (sung by soloist) and refrain (everyone); different stanzas/same refrain
Term
estampie
Definition
one of two main dances of the Middle Ages; originally a dance song in which dancers also sang a text; later (14th c.) became purely instrumental
Term
punctum
Definition
a pair of musical phrases (couplet) usually associated with medieval instrumental music
Term
open ending
Definition
the term used in the Middle Ages for what we today call a first ending
Term
open ending
Definition
the term used in the Middle Ages for what we today call a first ending
Term
closed ending
Definition
the term used in the Middle Ages for what we today call a second ending
Term
vielle
Definition
a large five-string fiddle capable of playing the entire Guidonian scale; often provided dance music during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries
Term
shawm
Definition
a double-reed instrument with a loud penetrating tone; provided dance music during the Middle Ages and Renaissance; ancestor of the modern oboe
Term
portative organ
Definition
a small movable instrument that sounded at courtly entertainments, usually to accompany singers rather than dancers
Term
positive organ
Definition
a large stationary instrument that began to appear in large numbers in churches in the West shortly after 1300; a technological wonder of its day
Term
clavichord
Definition
an early keyboard instrument; player depresses a key and thereby pushes a small metal tangent in the shape of a "T" upward to strike a string
Term
Guillaume de Machaut
Definition
14th c. composer associated with the French Royal Court at Reims; first composer to write a complete polyphonic setting for the Ordinary of the Mass
Term
ballade
Definition
one of the three French formes fixes that originated in the Middle Ages; a song always with the form AAB setting a poem with from one to three stanzas
Term
cantus
Definition
the highest vocal part in an early polyphonic composition, what would later come to be called the superius and finally the soprano
Term
cantus
Definition
the highest vocal part in an early polyphonic composition, what would later come to be called the superius and finally the soprano
Term
contratenor altus
Definition
the upper of the two contratenor voices (the other being the bass); the medieval equivalent of our alto voice
Term
contratenor bassus
Definition
the lower of the two contratenor voices (the other being the alto); the medieval equivalent of our bass voice
Term
cycle Mass
Definition
a Mass with all movements are linked together by a common musical theme; the first was Machaut's Mass of Our Lady composed in the mid-14th century
Term
formes fixes
Definition
three set genres: ballade, rondeau, virela, in which nearly all French secular art songs of the fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries were written
Term
hocket
Definition
contrapuntal technique and musical genre; sounds of two voices are staggered by the careful placement of rests, creating a highly syncopated piece
Term
rondeau
Definition
one of the three French formes fixes that originated as a dance-song with the troubadours and trouvères; its musical and textual form is ABaAabAB
Term
virelai
Definition
one of the three French formes fixes; originated with the troubadours and trouvères; monophonic dance that involved choral singing; the form is AbbaA
Term
Ars subtilior
Definition
(more subtle art) a late 14th c. style by composers in Avignon, southern France and northern Italy; subtle, sometimes extreme, rhythmic relationships
Term
canon
Definition
imitation of a complete subject at a fixed interval and time delay; successive voice(s) must duplicate exactly the pitches and rhythms of the first voice
Term
choirbook format
Definition
layout for religious music from the late Middle Ages onward; soprano voice in upper left, alto or tenor in bottom left or upper right, bass in bottom right
Term
counterpoint
Definition
from the Latin punctus contra punctum (one note moving against another note); the harmonious opposition of two or more independent musical lines
Term
dbl. leading-tone cadence
Definition
cadence with two leading tones in the penultimate chord, one pulling upward to the primary tone and the other upward to the fifth degree
Term
musica ficta
Definition
accidentals not found on the Guidonian scale; had to be added by medieval performers because, theoretically "off the scale," and had to be imagined
Term
polymeters
Definition
two or more meters sounding simultaneously; first appearing historically in the music of the Ars subtilior
Term
proportions
Definition
Middle Age mensuration signs (time signatures) often written as fractions that modify the normal value of notes
Term
sincopa
Definition
the medieval term for syncopation, a temporary shift of the downbeat
Term
tactus
Definition
term used to indicate the beat by Renaissance music theorists
Term
Petrarch
Definition
14th c. Italian poet whose interest in classical Greek and Latin texts initiated the "humanism" ideal; his poetry used for many Renaissance madrigals
Term
Baude Cordier
Definition
14th c. composer associated with complex symbolic scores and unusual rhythmic sophistication
Term
Fancesco Landini
Definition
14th c. trecento composer and intellectual; his music begins to emphasize the use of simultaneous 3rd and 6ths (6/3 chords), especially at cadences
Term
ballata
Definition
a dance song with a choral refrain; one of the three formes fixes of secular music in trecento Italy
Term
caccia
Definition
piece involving a musical canon in upper two voices supported by a slower moving tenor; one of the three formes fixes of secular music in trecento Italy
Term
Landini cadence
Definition
common 14th-century Italian cadential gesture in which the upper voice moves to a lower neighbor (escape tone) before skipping up to the octave
Term
madrigal (14th c.)
Definition
poem in the vernacular to which music was added for greater emotional effect; form AAB, one of the three formes fixes of secular music in trecento Italy
Term
ritornello
Definition
a return or refrain
Term
trecento
Definition
term to describe music of the 1300s (14th century) in Italy
Term
Filippo Brunelleschi
Definition
Renaissance Florentine architect who designed the dome for the Florence cathedral
Term
Guillamue Dufay
Definition
15th c. Lowlands composer; worked throughout Europe; "symbolic" motet for the dedication of Florence's Duomo; many mature cantus firmus masses
Term
number symbolism
Definition
a system prevalent during Middle Ages and Renaissance; meaning in music conveyed by the use of numbers representing religious themes and concepts
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