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Music as Culture Javanese Terms
Quiz 4
22
Music
Undergraduate 1
04/06/2013

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Term
garap (realization, performance practice)
Definition
group realization in gamelan music: in Javanese, multiple simultaneous realizations, with a balungan as a skeleton; in Balinese, greater explicitness and more complex and meticulous composition/learning
Term
polyphonic stratification
Definition
Relatively unchanging roles of assorted parts - metallophones playing balugan while gongs punctuate and bonangs elaborate, for example
Term
balungan
Definition
"Skeleton" single octave central melody, like a cantus firmus
Term
cantus firmus
Definition
a pre-existing melody forming the basis of a polyphonic composition
Term
punctuating gongs
Definition
Term
gongan
Definition
A section of a piece between subsequent gong strokes
Term
gatra
Definition
4 tone "measures" wherein 2 and 4 are the strong beats
Term
seleh note
Definition
4th tone of a gatra
Term
irama
Definition
a binary system of time relationships, balance of slow/fast. A slower irama means more "fill-in" elaborating notes
Term
loud playing
Definition
balungan and gongs most prominent, like in "Kemban Pacar"
Term
soft playing
Definition
elaborating instruments and vocal more prominent than balungan, like in "Wilujeng"
Term
pathet
Definition
like a mode or a raga, notable examples being slendro and pelog, with associated times and emotions - cadential and melodic patterns just like in ragas
Term
slendro
Definition
a type of pathet/mode, older than pelog, which is basically a pentatonic scale; the name "slendro" comes from the name of a dynasty
Term
pelog
Definition
a type of pathet/mode with seven tones, although many ensembles only have keys for 5 of the pitches; the word "pelog" comes from Javanese for "beautiful"
Term
Sanskrit
Definition
a historical Indo-Aryan language, the primary liturgical language of Hinduism and a literary and scholarly language in Buddhism and Jainism.
Term
Ramayana
Definition
The Ramayana is one of the two great epics of India, the other being the Mahabharata. It depicts the duties of relationships, portraying ideal characters like the ideal father, ideal servant, the ideal brother, the ideal wife and the ideal king. The Ramayana consists of 24,000 verses in seven books and 500 cantos.
Term
Mahabharata
Definition
One of two big Sanskrit epics, the other being the Ramayana. Besides its epic narrative of the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kauravas and the Pandava princes, the Mahabharata contains much philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four "goals of life" or purusharthas. Includes the Bhagavad Gita.
Term
wayang kulit
Definition
hadow puppets, are without a doubt the best known of the Indonesian wayang; stories are usually drawn from the Hindu epics the Ramayana, the Mahabharata or from the Serat Menak
Term
dhalang
Definition
the puppeteer in an Indonesian wayang performance; In addition to moving the puppets and speaking their lines, the dalang is also responsible for giving cues to the gamelan. This is done principally by playing the kepyak, a metal plate or set of plates played with his foot
Term
mana
Definition
Term
kotekan
Definition
Kotekan is a style of playing fast interlocking parts in most varieties of Balinese Gamelan music
Term
organology
Definition
the study and classification of musical instruments
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