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Music Appreciation
Test 1
88
Music
Undergraduate 2
01/29/2007

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Term
pitch
Definition
highness or lowness of a sound
Term
frequency
Definition
rate of a sound wave's vibration
Term
dynamic level
Definition
level of volume
Term
tone
Definition
sound with specific pitch, produced by a constant rate of vibration of the sound-producing medium.
Term
sharp
Definition
sign (#) indicating that a tone is to be performed one-half step higher than noted
Term
flat
Definition
sign indicating that a tone is to be performed one-half step lower than notated.
Term
staff
Definition
five lines and four spaces on which music is notated
Term
clef
Definition
sign that fixes the tone represented by each line and space on the staff.
Term
interval
Definition
distance between two pitches
Term
octave
Definition
interval of an eighth, as from C to C.
Term
forte
Definition
loud
Term
piano
Definition
soft
Term
crescendo
Definition
becoming louder
Term
decrescendo or diminuendo
Definition
becoming softer
Term
richard strauss
Definition
Title: Thus Spake Zarathustra
Composed: 1986
Timbre: Orchestra and Organ
Term
rhythm
Definition
arrangement of time in music
Term
elements of music
Definition
basic material of which music is composed: rhythm, melody, harmony, timbre.
Term
tempo
Definition
rate of speed at which a musical piece is performed
Term
rest
Definition
sign that indicates silence, or the cessation of musical sound
Term
beat
Definition
basic rhythmic pulse of music
Term
metered music
Definition
music in which rhythm is organized into patterns of strong and weak beats
Term
measure (bar)
Definition
unit containing a number of beats
Term
duple meter
Definition
two beats per measure
Term
triple meter
Definition
three beats per measure
Term
quadruple meter
Definition
four beats per measure
Term
accent
Definition
strong sound. accents may be achieved by stress, duration, or position of a tone.
Term
syncopation
Definition
occurrence of accents in unexpected places
Term
ragtime
Definition
popular piano style in which the syncopated melody in the right hand is accompanied by regular beats in the left hand.
Term
rag
Definition
piece in ragtime
Term
strain
Definition
melodic section of a march or rag
Term
downbeat
Definition
first beat of a measure
Term
upbeat
Definition
last beat of a measure
Term
Scott Joplin
Definition
title: maple leaf rag
meter: duple. rhythm is highly syncopated
timbre: piano
form: AABBACCDD
Term
duple
triple
quadruple
Definition
row row row your boat
my country tis of thee
yankee doodle
Term
Camille Saint-Saens
Definition
title: my heart opens to your voice
melodic type: chromatic
Timbre: soprano voice with orchestra
Form: strophic aria
Term
strophic
Definition
two or more versus of text are set to the same music
Term
refrain
Definition
recurring section of text and melody that often becomes the most familiar part of a song.
Term
claude debussy
Definition
title: voiles
composed: 1910
melody: based on the whole-tone scale
timbre: piano
Term
melody
Definition
meaningful succession of pitches
Term
phrase
Definition
section of a melody, comparable to a section or phrase of a sentence
Term
cadence
Definition
stopping point
Term
sequence
Definition
melodic phrase repeated at different levels of pitch
Term
tune
Definition
melody that is easy to recognize, memorize, and sing.
Term
theme
Definition
melody that recurs throughout a section, a movement, or an entire composition
Term
motive, motivic melody
Definition
short melodic phrase tha may be effectively developed
Term
lyrical melody
Definition
relatively long, songlike melody
Term
scale
Definition
asecending or descending pattern of half steps, whole steps, or both
Term
major sclae
Definition
ascending pattern of steps as follows: whole, whole, half, whole, whole, whole, half
Term
minor scale
Definition
ascending pattern of steps as follows: whole, half, whole, whole, half, whole,whole
Term
tonic
Definition
first and most important note of the major or minor scale, to which all other notes in the scale are subordinate. The tonic is represented by the Roman numeral I.
Term
key
Definition
tonic note, and the major or minor scale, on which a composition is based
Term
chromatic scale
Definition
twelve consecutive half steps within the range of an octave.
Term
strophic form
Definition
the most popular song form, which has two or more verses set to the same music
Term
refrain
Definition
section of melody and text that recurs at the end of each verse of a strophic song.
Term
whole-tone scale
Definition
six consecutivbe whole steps within the range of an octave
Term
pentatonic scale
Definition
five-note scale
Term
harmony
Definition
simultaneous sounding of two or more different tones
Term
dissonance
Definition
active, unsettled sound
Term
consonance
Definition
passive sound that seems to be at rest
Term
chord
Definition
meaningufl (as opposed to random) combination of three or more tones
Term
triad
Definition
chord with threee tones, consisting of two superimposed thirds
Term
tonality/tonal system
Definition
system of harmony, based on the major and minor scales, that has dominated Western music since the seventeenth century
Term
dominant(V)
Definition
fifth note of the major or minor scale
Term
subdominant(IV)
Definition
fourth note of the major or minor scale
Term
texture
Definition
manner in which melodic lines are used in music
Term
monophonic texture
Definition
monophony. one unaccompanied melodic line
Term
polyphonic texture
Definition
polyphony. Combination of two or more simultaneous melodic lines
Term
round
Definition
melody that may be performed by two or more voices entering at different times, producing meaningful harmony
Term
homophonic texture
Definition
homophony. melodic line accompanied by chordal harmony
Term
Shenandoah
Definition
composer: keith jarrett
melody: pentatonic
meter: quadruple
timbre: piano
tempo: slow
Term
timbre
Definition
the characteristic quality of the sound of a voice or instrument
Term
soprano
Definition
high female singing voice
Term
mezzo-soprano
Definition
medium-range female voice
Term
alto (contralto)
Definition
low female voice
Term
tenor
Definition
high male voice
Term
baritone
Definition
medium-range male voice
Term
bass
Definition
low male voice
Term
symphony orchestra
Definition
an instrumental ensemble consisting of members of the four families of instruments, dominated by strings
Term
string instruments
Definition
instruments that may be bowed, strummed, struck, or plucked. orchestral string instruments include the violin, viola, cello, string bass (or double bass), and harp
Term
pizzicato
Definition
the technique of plucking string instruments
Term
woodwinds
Definition
wind instruments that include the piccolo, flute, oboe, english horn, clarinet, bassoon, and saxophone
Term
brass
Definition
wind insturments that include the trumpet, trombone, (french) horm, and tuba
Term
percussion
Definition
all instruments that may be played by shaking, rubbing, or striking the instrument itself. these include the timpani (tuned kettledrums), other drums, chimes, tambourine, triangle, cymbals, and various mallet instruments, such as the xylophone
Term
keyboard instruments
Definition
instruments on which sound is produced by pressing keys on a keyboard
Term
stops
Definition
levers, handles, or buttons that allow an organist to change timbres at will
Term
electronic synthesizer
Definition
a highly verstaile electronic sound generator capable of producing and altering an infinte variety of sounds
Term
MIDI
Definition
a system allowing composers to manage quantities of complex information, and making it possible for unrelated electronic devices to communicate with each other
Term
benajim britten
Definition
title: a young person's guide to the orchestra
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