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music appreciation
final: terms
50
Music
Undergraduate 2
12/12/2010

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Term
canon
Definition
a core repertoire of classical music performed at concerts continually since the eighteenth century
Term
rubato
Definition
a tempo mark that indicates that the performer may move faster or slower so as to effect an intensely personal performance
Term
virtuoso
Definition
an instrumentalists or singer with a highly developed talent
Term
art song
Definition
a genre of song for solo voice and piano accompaniment by high artistic aspirations (schubert)
Term
song cycle
Definition
a collection of several songs united by a common textual theme or literary idea to tell a story
Term
through composed
Definition
musical composition featuring ever changing melodic and harmonic material (erlkonig: schubert)
Term
program music
Definition
recreates with sounds the events and emotions in some extra-musical source: a story, legend, a play, novel, historical events...
Term
absolute music
Definition
symphonies, sonatas, quartets, and other instrumental music with no extramusical or programmatic references
Term
symphonic/tone poem
Definition
musical expression to the emotions or events of a story
Term
col legno
Definition
instructions to strings to strike the strings with the wood of the bow instead of the sting
Term
ballet
Definition
a dramatic dance in which the characters using various stylized steps and pantomime tell a story
Term
recital
Definition
concert of chamber music usually a solo performer
Term
etude
Definition
short one movement composition designed to improve one aspect of a performers technique
Term
bel canto
Definition
type of italian opera that features the beautiful tone and brilliant technique of the human voice
Term
primma donna
Definition
leading female singer in an opera
Term
music drama
Definition
terms for the mature operas of richard wagner included: poetry, music, acting, mime, dance, scenic design functioning harmoniously
Term
gestamtkunstwerk
Definition
"total are work" (wagner) generated more realistic drama
Term
leitmotif
Definition
brief, distinct unit of music. represents a character, an object, or an idea (starwars: wagner) which returns repeatedly to show how the drama unfolds
Term
realistic(verismo) opera
Definition
19th-20th century deals with everyday gritty subjects auch as poverty, physical abuse, industrial exploitation, and crime
Term
musical nationalism
Definition
emphasizes indigenous qualities in their music. incorporates national anthems, native dances, protest songs, victory symphonies
Term
double stops
Definition
when you press down two strings of a string instrument and play them at the same time
Term
impressionism
Definition
rejected realism in paintings. tried to recreate the impression that an object has on the senses in a single fleeting movement (debussey)
Term
whole-tone scale
Definition
each pitch is a whole tone away from the next
Term
exoticism
Definition
use of sounds drawn from outside the traditional western europe music experience (tambourine/gong)
Term
tone cluster
Definition
simultaneous sounding of a number of pitches only a whole step or half step apart; dissonant (ives)
Term
neo-classism
Definition
20th century music tried to bring back the baroque and classical periods with smaller ensebles and classical forms (stravinsky)
Term
poly meter
Definition
2 or more meters sounding simultaneously
Term
poly rhythm
Definition
2 or more rhythms sounding simultaneously
Term
second viennese school
Definition
group of progressive modernist composers centered around schoenberg in vienna (20th century)
Term
atonal music
Definition
music without tonality, music without a key center, associated with avant-garde style of schoenberg
Term
expressionism
Definition
aim was not to depict objects as they are seen but to express the strong emotion that the object generates to the artist
Term
sprechstimme
Definition
singer speaks the text rather than singing it
Term
twelve-tone composition
Definition
the twelve notes in the chromatic scale sound in a fixed regularly recurring order
Term
formalism
Definition
modern music soviet authorities deemed "anti-democratic"
Term
music concrete
Definition
composer works with sounds not of instruments but of those naturally in the everyday world
Term
sampling
Definition
reusing portions of a previously recorded sound and repeating it over and over then using it as a backdrop to the rap
Term
prepared piano
Definition
piano's given screws, bolts, washers, erasers, and bits of felt and plastic to go from melodic to percussive
Term
chance music
Definition
music involves and element of chance, performers play on a whim, nothings planned
Term
minimalism
Definition
small amount of musical material that is repeated to form composition
Term
blues
Definition
form of black folk song that originated in the south vents feelings of pain and anger
Term
jazz
Definition
lively, energetic, pulsating rhythms with bright syncopation
Term
ragtime
Definition
early jazz, steady bass with a syncopated jazzy bass
Term
rhythm section
Definition
section in jazz that established harmony and rhythm (tuba string piano banjo and guitar)
Term
big band
Definition
plays swing music. 1930s. large band
Term
swing
Definition
mellow bouncy style of jazz 1930s
Term
bebop
Definition
hard-driving jazz that was played by a small combo with no written music, improvisation
Term
standard
Definition
tune so influential that it causes other musicians to record many other interpretations of it
Term
cover
Definition
a new version of a standard
Term
fusion
Definition
new style of jazz in the 1960s it incorporated many elements of rock
Term
tin pan alley
Definition
section of NYC near Broadway where music stores were plentiful and the noise was so loud that is sounded like a crowd was banging on tin pans
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