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Music 201 Midterm Terms
A few terms from music history at CSUN
30
Music
Undergraduate 2
10/16/2013

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Term
Mass
Definition
Ordinary texts that remain the same on all or most days of the church calendar (King Geroge Can't Sing Alto)
Term
The Office
Definition
Series of 8 prayer services of the Roman church, celebrated daily at specific times, esp in monastaries and convents
Term
Trope
Definition

Addition to an existing chant of 

1. words and melody

2. a melisma

or 3. words only

all set to an existing melisma or other melody

 

Term
Sequence
Definition

a category of Latin chant that follows the "alleluia" in some masses

Restatement of a pattern on successive or different pitch levels

Term
Liturgical Drama
Definition
Dialogue on a sacred subject, set to music and usually performed with action, and linked to the Liturgy. Based on liturgical practice but it is not a liturgical practice itself
Term
Neumes
Definition
A sign used in notation of chant to indicate a certain number of notes and general melodic direction or particular pitches (above notes)
Term
Musica Enchiriadis
Definition
9th century. Describes 8 modes, provides exercises for locating semitones in chants, and explains the consonances and how they are used to sing polyphony
Term
Church modes
Definition
a scale or melody type, identiifed by a particular intervallic relationship among the notes in the mode
Term
Micrologus
Definition
Guido of Arezzo 11th century. Practice guide for singers that covers: notes, intervals, scales, modes, melodic composition and improvised polyphony
Term
Guidonian Hand
Definition
Solfege on the hands
Term
Troubadours Trouveres Trobairitz
Definition

Troubadour: a poet-composer from southern France who wrote monophonic songs in Occitan in 12 or 13th century

Trouvere: a poet-composer of southern France who wrote monophonic songs in Old French in 12th or 13th century

Term
Minnesinger, Minnelieder
Definition

Minnesinger: a poet composer of medieval Germany who wrote monophonic songs, particularly about love, in Middle High Germany

Minnelieder: German love songs, sung by above

Term
Cantiga
Definition
A medieval monophonic song in Spanish or Portuguese
Term
Estampie
Definition
Medieval instrumental dance featuring a series of sections, each played twice with two different Endings (Ouvert and Clos)
Term
Organum
Definition

Particularly in the 5th as a perfect something in the 9th century it was the conscience

Parallel: 5ths were convenience (perfect and beautiful) in medieval times

Mixed: combines oblique motion with parallel motion

Oblique: one singer will sing the same note as the other will sing the melody, until they both can move in parallel 4ths without singing tritones

Term
Polyphony
Definition
Music of musical texture consiting of two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody
Term
Cathedral of Notre Dame
Definition
Late 12 and 13th centuries. Musicians would create more ornate polyphony and songs for more than 2 voices
Term
The rhythmic modes
Definition

6 patterns in total

LB, BL, LBB, BBL, LL, BBB

L: Long, B: Short (brief)

 

Term
Magnus liber organi
Definition
Credits Leoninus as a great organista. collection of 2 voice settings of the solo portions of the responsorial chants (gradulas, alleluias, office responsories) for major feasts of the year
Term
Motet
Definition
Adding for the first time Latin text to teh upper voices of discount clodulae, 13th century
Term
Ars Nova
Definition
Style of polyphony from 14th century France, with a new system of rhythmic notation that allowed duple or triple divisions and syncopation
Term
Isorhythm
Definition
Repetition in a voice part of an extended pattern of durations throughout a section or entire composition
Term
Trecento
Definition
1300s
Term
Formes fixes
Definition
Schemes of poetic and musical repetition, each featuring a refrain, used in late medieval and 15th century French chanson
Term
Roman de Fauvel
Definition
Long allegorical poem satirizing corruption in politics and the church written as a warning to the king of France and enjoyed in high political circles at court, Fauvel was a horse.
Term
Hildegard von Bingen
Definition
Famous for her prophesies, wrote religious poems as well as prose and set them to music
Term
St. Gregory the Great (Pope Gregory I)
Definition
Associated with Gregorian chant, founder of English church, chants were dictated to him by Holy Spirit
Term
Boethius
Definition

Minister to Theodoric, Ostrogoth ruler of Italy and wrote on philosophy, logic, theology and the mathematical art. For him, music was a science of numbers and numeric ratios to determine intervals, consonances, scale and tuning

 

Term
Guido of Arezzo
Definition
Left hand, musica enchiriadis, introduced a set of syllables correspoinding to the pattern of tones and semitones in the succession CDEFGA
Term
Bernart de Ventadorn
Definition
late 12th and early 13th century, one of teh most influential troubadours, born as a servant of the court, all poetry evokes fluctuating moods
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