Term
| What were two of the most popular publications of the nineteenth century? |
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Definition
| Sacred Harp and Southern Harmony |
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Term
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Definition
| A song of irregular poetic meter not based on Biblical text, used for various occasions, and not a specific place in a worship service |
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Term
| What were the major differences in the subject matter between the British and American Folk ballads? How were instrumental tunes also distinct? |
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Definition
| American folk singers sang for self expression, rather than community participation or market entertainment. The instrumental tunes were distinct in that American music had a habit of dwelling on a particular note for expressive purposes |
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Term
| Who were the Carter family, and why were they important in the history of commercial music? |
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Definition
| Early country music ensemble who between 1927 and 1943 recorded over 300 songs and sold millions of recordings |
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Term
| What were the genres of country music? |
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Definition
| String bands, Singing cowboys, Western Swing, and Honky-tonk |
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Term
| What are the five important elements common to most traditional Indigenous American Music? |
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Definition
| Short monophonic songs, Use of vocables, limited use of instruments, rhythms following words, and functional music |
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Term
| What is the Ghost Dance, and what is its importance in the creation of pan-Indian music? |
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Definition
| A native American ritual dance that helped to create a shared cultural identity among disparate indigenous peoples and helped spread certain musical characteristics across the continent |
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Term
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Definition
| Intertribal meetings that evolved into popular events where people from many groups gathered for music, dance, and celebration |
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Term
| What was distinctive about the African-American spirituals of the 1800s? |
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Definition
| They had an effect that was described as seemingly random, like the singing of birds |
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Term
| What are the African elements associated with early African-American music? |
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Definition
| Distinctive rhythms, responsorial forms, and microtonal pitch inflections |
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Term
| Who was Stephen Foster, and why is he an important historical figure in African-American music? |
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Definition
| A composer whose minstrel songs Oh Susannah and Old Folks at Home went on to become icons of Americana |
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Term
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Definition
| A section of a march or a dance |
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Term
| What features of early jazz music were so problematic for early critics of the genre? |
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Definition
| Syncopation and improvisation |
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Term
| What is a rhythm section? |
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Definition
| The section in a jazz band that included the ragtime piano, the double bass or tuba, drums, and sometime banjo |
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Term
| What is the head in a piece of jazz music? |
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Definition
| The initial statement of the tune |
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Term
| How are hollers and the blues related? |
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Definition
| A form of wordless singing, that combined with existing styles eventually evolved into blues |
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Term
| Who are the early stars of country blues? |
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Definition
| Robert Johnson and Edward Son House |
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Term
| metallophone that plays the pokok |
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Definition
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Term
| metallophone of the gangsa, pitched an octave lower than the kantilan |
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Definition
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Term
| medium sized hanging gong, part of the gangsa |
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Definition
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Term
| gong that plays every other or every fourth note of the pokok |
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Definition
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Term
| single kettle gong that functions as a metronome for the group |
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Definition
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Term
| cymbals that reinforce the drum patterns |
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Definition
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Term
| low-octave metallophone, leads the gangsa section |
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Definition
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Term
| vertical flute that plays an elaborated form of the melody |
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Definition
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Term
| a drum that functions as the conductor, played by two people |
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Definition
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Term
| set of 12 kettle gongs mounted horizontally, played using interlocking technique |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name the traditional Chinese instrument which is a collection of stone chimes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the traditional Chinese instrument that is a fretless lute with a shallow resonator covered in snakeskin and used to accompany musical storytelling? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of dish-shaped gongs on a stand |
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Term
| What is the name of the short cylindrical double reed instrument? (In traditional Chinese music) |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the rhythmic character of Ping sha lo yen |
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Definition
| Almost always peaceful, serene , and balanced. The meter is free and slow. |
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Term
| What is the focus on during a guqin performance? |
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Definition
| The focus is on the delicate ornamentation of single notes |
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Term
| What is the system of notation that specifies how a piece is to be played on the guqin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three innovations in Chinese music during the communist take over? |
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Definition
| Women performed in Jingxi, realistic staging and proscenium stages were used, and traditional and modern operas were replaced by ‘model’ operas based on western dramatic conventions but with Chinese instruments |
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Term
| What is the name for a luogu ensemble with two suonas added to carry the melody? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is dialogue delivered in The Drunken Concubine? |
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Definition
| Through song, sometimes using stylized dialog and speaking voice of the dan or female role. |
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Term
| What is the role of the other percussion instruments in Bejing Opera? |
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Definition
| The percussion instruments articulate the rhythmic structure of the songs, and provide sound effects during songs and stage actions |
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Term
| the “primary beat”, a moderate tempo that accompanies simple narration or dialogue during an opera |
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Definition
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Term
| How are most Beijing Opera texts organized? |
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Definition
| Consists of a series of unconnected episodes from various operas, culminating in an acrobatic battle scene late in the evening |
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Term
| What is the counterpart to Lagu? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the short introduction that sets the character of a gamelan performance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the end blown bamboo flute that plays elaborate melodies in the Gamelan ensemble? |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ family is made up of bronze kettle-gongs that are played horizontally with sticks and play a role in elaborating the melody. |
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Definition
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Term
| bass member of the gender family, plays the core melody with single padded mallet |
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Definition
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Term
| thick-keyed metallophones with a box resonator, plays the core melody, comes in three sizes |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mode of Pangkur? What notes are emphasized in it? |
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Definition
| Pelog – pitches 1 and 3 are the most emphasized notes |
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Term
| set of two drums played by the conductor of the ensemble |
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Definition
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Term
| metallophones with a tube resonator, played with disc shaped mallets, plays melodic elaborations |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| wooden xylophone with a box resonator, played in parallel octaves |
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Definition
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Term
| large vertical gong, signals the end of the metric cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| large kettle gongs, played as part of the colotomic structure |
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Definition
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Term
| large plucked zither, plays melodic elaborations |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the word irama refer to? |
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Definition
| The rhythmic densities of various instruments to the beat |
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Term
| Describe the concept of patet |
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Definition
| The guiding structure of melody in gamelan music that includes a hierarchy of stressed and unstressed tones and characteristic motives |
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Term
| What is the Javanese term for “beat?” |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The variations on certain patterns played by the elaborating instruments in Gamelan |
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Term
| What is the name for the empty beat within a cycle in gamelan? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the lead instrument of the melodic instruments in Gamelan? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the gong cycle organized in Pangkur? |
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Definition
| 32 beat gong cycle divided into 4 kenong strokes |
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Term
| Which instruments create a lyrical perspective of the melody in Pangkur? |
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Definition
| Bonang, gambang, and gender |
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Term
| Which instruments elaborate the balungan in Pangkur?? |
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Definition
| Celempung, suling, and rebab |
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Term
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Definition
| The complex web of social obligations to one’s local community |
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Term
| What is the gangsa and what role does it play in kebyar music? |
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Definition
| The metallophones that are used to play the fast figurations in Balinese Gamelan |
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Term
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Definition
| The slow moving core melody, as opposed to the fast figurations played by the gangsa |
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Term
| What is the name for the cue that dancers give to the orchestra? What does it signal in Gending Pengalang Bebarongan? |
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Definition
| Angsel, in Gending Pengalang Bebarongan, it signals the beginning and end of sections of the song |
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Term
| Describe the kecak music form |
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Definition
| Form of music in which shouts are used in place of the metallophones used in Gamelan music |
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Term
| The dazzling technique of interlocking melodies that is used throughout Gending Pengalang Bebarongan is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The short repeated melodies played in Topeng music |
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Term
| Why is “gambang suling” important to both Balinese and Javanese gamelan music? |
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Definition
| A pop song that was adapted for Javanese and Balinese gamelan music |
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Term
| What are some of the general characteristic of traditional Chinese music? |
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Definition
| Monophony, ornamentation, and variation |
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Term
| Who uses the ban and xiaogu during The Drunken Concubine and for what purpose? |
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Definition
| A percussionist uses these two instruments to play important cues, start the group, and establish tempos |
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