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Music 130 test
first test
234
Music
Undergraduate 3
02/18/2014

Additional Music Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Sousaphone
Definition
Marching Tuba. Tuba with its bell pushed outward specifically so the sound goes forward when marching. Wraps around the player to make it easier to hold while playing and marching Named after the great marching band director John Philip Sousa who came up with the idea for the marching tuba
Term
Baritone Euphonium
Definition

 

larger bore small tuba matches pitches played by trombone plays one octave higher than a tuba

 

Term
Flugelhorn-
Definition
another trumpet like instrument mellower sound big bell used exclusively in jazz
Term
Cornet
Definition
Like a trumpet slightly smaller with a conical core. Mellow sound
Term
piccolo trumpet
Definition
octave higher than normal trumpet. rarely seen . 4 valves instead of three
Term
Bugle-
Definition
similar to a trumpet range no valves Used in military for signals
Term
Tuba –
Definition

 

bass member/brass section lowest notes can have 3 or 4 valves Adds body to band or orchestra. Timbre ranges from a velvety sound to a rumbling growl.

 

Term
Trombone
Definition

 

tenor member brass section large trumpet original name was sackbut which means push and pull. No valves uses U shaped slide that can play glissandos like trumpet great instrument for jazz

 

Term
French Horn
Definition

 

alto member brass section. Mellow sounding soloistic. Blends well with woodwinds brass strings. Has large range. Smallest mouthpiece of brass instruments and most difficult to play

 

Term
Trumpet
Definition

 

soprano member of the brass section. Highest sounding brass most popular ceremonial triumphant Great instrument for jazz

 

Term
Brass
Definition

 

characteristics made of brass cup shaped mouthpieces valves or slide curved tubing cylindrical or conical bore bell at the end of the instrument sound produced by vibration of lips into mouthpiece. To carry sound quality all brass instruments use mutes which are placed in the bell of the instrument.

 

Term
what is the difference in a tuba in the brass section
Definition

uses a slide rather than a valve

 

Term
what are similarities of the brass section
Definition

they all are made of brass

use valves

deep voice

 

Term
monophonic
Definition

one melody

early music

gragorian chant

 

Term
polophonic (pholphny) music
Definition

two or more sounds/voices

 

created harmony

 

multi parts

Term
homaphonic music
Definition
a melody with a different/seperate  harmony
Term
what makes up a string quartet
Definition
2 violins, a viola, a chello
Term

what makes up the brass quintet

 

Definition
2 trumpets French horn trombone tuba
Term
what  instrument is in the woodwind and brass quintet
Definition
french horn
Term
what is the suprano of the string quartet? (highest pitched)
Definition
violin
Term
what is the alto sound in the string quartet
Definition

viola (slightly larger

 

Term

 

Woodwind quintet

 

Definition
 flute oboe clarinet bassoon French horn
Term
what is another name of the organ
Definition
king of instruments because of the range of sound and can mimic brass and wind instruments
Term
organ
Definition

 

used wind to create sound air flows through many pipes (from 6 inches to 32 feet in length.) Uses devices called stops to change sounds. Two or more keyboards with multiple foot pedals for brass notes Pipe organ has been mainstay of liturgical music for over 400 years because of its versatility and outright power.

 

Term
piano
(pianoforte)
Definition

 

invented in 1709 by Bartolomeo Christofori Greatly improved on the other keyboards of the day. Used felt hammers to t-strike the strings rather than pluck the strings as a harpsichord of the metallic sound of tangents used to hit strings of a clavichord. Capable of greater range of dynamics soft louds and allowed for changes of dynamics quickly or gradually. Greater crescendos and diminuendos that were not possible to this time by other keyboards. Original design was a wooden case with a wooden frame. Later in 19th century wooden case held up with a steel frame. Made the same way to this day. Over the past 300 years few great composers if any did not write for the piano. Changed the face of Europe’s music around which most of its culture has revolved Today Electric pianos are popular because of their portability and can be amplified to match the volume of guitars and drums

 

Term
what are the 6 periods and what are their dates
Definition

Renissance period

Baroque Period 1600-1750

Classical Era Period 1750-1825

Romantic Period 1820-1900

Post romantic 1890-1915

20th Century 1900-present

Term
musical form
Definition
the organizing principle in music
Term
basic elements
Definition
repetition, contrast and variation
Term
types
Definition
improvisation, binary form, tenary form, ballad,theme sequences
Term
binary form
Definition
A-B statement and departure, verse/chorus
Term
ternary form
Definition
A-B-A statement departure statement
Term
ballad
Definition
Long poem/ narrative that tells a story
Term
theme
Definition
melodic idea used as a building block
Term
thematic developement
Definition
elaborating on or varying a musical idea. Uses repetition and sequence
Term
motive
Definition
smallest fragment of a musical theme
Term
call and response
Definition
singing leader who is imitated by a chorus
Term
ostinato
Definition
short musical pattern that is repeated continuosly.melodic,rhythmic or harmonic
Term
movement
Definition
complete indipendent division of a large scale work
Term
Musical Form / Tempo, Dynamics
Definition
Elements of expression
Term
tempo
Definition
rate of speed pace of the music
Term
amplitude
Definition
Degree of loudness or softness of a sound. See also dynamics.
Term
disjunct
Definition
Disjointed or disconnected melody with many leaps.
Term
note
Definition
A musical symbol denoting pitch and duration.
Term
timbre
Definition
The quality of a sound that distinguishes one voice or instrument from another.
Term
climax
Definition
The high point in a melodic line or piece of music, usually reprsenting the peak of intensity, range, and dynamics.
Term
range
Definition
Distance between the lowest and highest tones of a melody, and instrument, or a voice
Term
conjunct
Definition
Smooth, connected melody that moves principally by small intervals.
Term
contour
Definition
The overall shape of a melodic line. It can move upward, downward, remain static.
Term
frequency
Definition
Rate of vibration of a string or column of air, which determines pitch.
Term
interval
Definition
Distance and relationship between two pitches.
Term
phrase
Definition
Musical unit; often component of a melody.
Term
melody
Definition
Succession of single tones or pitches perceived by the mind as a unity.
Term
rhyme scheme
Definition
The arrangement of rhyming words or corresponding sounds at the end of poetic lines.
Term
cadences
Definition
Resting place in a musical phrase; music punctuation.
Term
countermelody
Definition
An accompanying melody sounded against the principal melody.
Term
rhythm
Definition
The controlled movement of music in time.
Term
beat
Definition
Regular pulsation; a basic unit of length in musical time.
Term
accent
Definition
The emphasis on a beat resulting in its being louder or longer than another in a measure.
Page 13
Term
meter
Definition
Organization of rhythm in time; the grouping of beats into larger, regular patterns, notated as measures.
Term
measure
Definition
Rhythmic group or metrical unit that conrains a fixed number of beats, divided on the musical staff by bar lines.
Term
measure lines
Definition
Vertival lines through the staff that separate metric units, or measures. Also called barlines.
Term
downbeat
Definition
First beat of the measure, the strongest in any meter.
Term
duple meter
Definition
Basic metrical pattern of two beats to a measure.
Term
triple meter
Definition
Basic metrical pattern of three beats to a measure.
Term
quadruple meter
Definition
Basic metrical pattern of four beats to a measure. Also commone time.
Term
simple meter
Definition
Grouping of rhythms in which the beat is subdivided into two, as in duple, triple, and quarduple meters.
Term
compound meter
Definition
Meter in which each beat is subdivided into three rather than two.
Term
sextuple meter
Definition
Compound metrical pattern of six beats to a measure.
Term
upbeat
Definition
Last beat of a measure, a weak beat, which anticipates the downbeat.
Term
syncopation
Definition
Deliberate upsetting of the meter or pulse through a temporary shifting of the accent to a weak beat or an offbeat.
Term
off beat
Definition
A weak beat or any pulse between the beats in a measured rhytmic pattern.
Term
polyrhythm
Definition
The simultaneous use of several rhythmic patterns or meters, common in twentieth-century music and in certain African musics.
Term
additive meter
Definition
patterns of beats that subdivide into smaller, irregular groups (e.g., 2 + 3 + 2 + 3 = 10); common in certain Eastern European musics.
Term
nonmetric
Definition
Music lacking a strong sense of beat or meter, common in certain non-Western musics.
Term
interval
Definition
Distance and relationship between two pitches.
Page 17
Term
chord
Definition
Simultaneous combination of three or more tones that constitute a single block of harmony.
Term
harmony
Definition
The simultaneous combination of notes and the ensuing relationships of intervals and chords.
Term
scale
Definition
Series of tones in ascending or descending order; may present the notes of a key.
Term
OCTAVE
Definition
Interval between two tones seven diatonic pitches apart; the lower note vibrates half as fast as the upper and sounds an octave lower.
Term
triad
Definition
Common chord type, consisting of three pitches built on alternate tones of the scale (e.g., steps 1-3-5, or do-mi-sol).
Term
tonic
Definition
The first note of the scale or key, do. Also keynote.
Term
tonality
Definition
Principle of organization around a tonic, or home, pitch, based on a major or minor scale.
Term
dissonance
Definition
Combination of tones that sounds discordant and unstable, in need of resolution.
Term
consonance
Definition
Concordant or harmonious combination of tones that provides a sense of relaxation and stability in music.
Term
drone
Definition
Sustained sounding of one or several tones for harmonic support, a common feature of some folk musics.
Term
half step
Definition
Smallest interval used in the Western system; the octave divides into twelve such intervals; on the piano, the distance between any two adjacent keys, whether black or white. Also semitone.
Term
chromatic
Definition
Melody or harmony built from many if not all twelve semitones of the octave.
Term
chromatic scale
Definition
A chromatic scale consists of an ascending or descending sequence of semitones
Term
sharp sign
Definition
Musical symbol (#) that indicates raising a pitch by a semitone.
Term
flat sign
Definition
Musical symbol (b) that indicates lowering a pitch by a semitone.
Term
whole step
Definition
Interval consisting of two half steps, or semitones.
Term
key
Definition
Defines the relationship of tones with a common center or tonic. Also a lever on a keyboard or woodwind instrument.
Term
diatonic
Definition
Melody or harmony built from the seven tones of a major or minor scale. A diatonic scale encompasses patterns of seven whole tones and semitones. A diatonic scale encompasses patterns of seven whole tones and semitones.
Term
pentatonic
Definition
Five-note pattern used in some African, Far Eastern, and Native American musics; can also be found in Western music as an example of exoticism.
Term
tritonic
Definition
Three-note scale pattern, used in the music of some sub-Saharan African cultures
Term
heptatonic
Definition
Seven-note scale; in non-Western musics, often fashioned from a different combination of intervals than major and minor scales.
Term
microtone
Definition
Musical interval smaller than a semitone, prevalent in some non-Western musics and in some twentieth-century art music.
Term
inflection
Definition
Small alteration of the pitch by a microtonal interval. See also blue note.
Term
active chords
Definition
In the diatonic system, chords which need to resolve the tonic chord. These include the dominant chord and the subdominant chord.
Term
rest chord
Definition
A chord that achieves a sense of resolution or completion, normally the tonic.
Term
dominant
Definition
The fifth scale step, sol.
Term
subdominant
Definition
The fourth scale step, fa.
Term
modulation
Definition
The process of changing from one key to another.
Term
transposition
Definition
Shifting a piece of music to a different pitch level.
Term
texture
Definition
The interweaving of melodic (horizontal) and harmonic (vertical) elements in the musical fabric.
Term
monophonic
Definition
Single-line texture, or melody without accompaniment.
Term
heterophonic (heterophony
Definition
Texture in which two or more voices (or parts) elaborate the same melody simultaneously, often the result of improvisation.
Term
improvisation
Definition
Creation of a musical composition whilte it is being performed, seen in Baroque ornamentation, cadenzas of concertos, jazz, and some non-Western musics.
Term
polyphony
Definition
Two or more melodic lines combined into a multivoiced texture, as distinct from monophonic.
Term
counterpoint
Definition
The art of combining in a single texture two or more melodic lines.
Term
homophonic
Definition
Texture with principal melody and accompanying harmony, as distinct from polyphony.
Term
homorhythmic
Definition
Texture in which all voices, or lines, move together in the same rhythm.
Term
imitation
Definition
Melodic idea presented in once voice and then restated in another, each part continuing as others enter.
Page 28
Term
canon
Definition
Type of polyphonic composition in which one musical line imitates another at a fixed distance throughout.
Term
round
Definition
Perpetual canon at the unison in which each voice enters in succession with the same melody (for example, Row, Row, Row Your Boat).
Term
form
Definition
Structure and design in music, based on repetition, contrast, and variation; the organzing principle of music.
Term
repetition
Definition
A compositional technique whereby a passage or section is restated.
Term
contrast
Definition
Use of opposing musical elements to emphasize difference and variety.
Term
strophic form
Definition
Song structure in which the same music is repeated with every stanza (strophe) of the poem.
Page 30
Term
variation
Definition
The compositional procedure of altering a pre-existing musical idea. See also theme and variations.
Term
binary form
Definition
Two-part (A-B) form with each section normally repeated. Also two-part form.
Term
thematic development/thematic transformation
Definition
Musical expansion of a theme by varying its melodic outline, harmony, or rhythm. Also thematic transformation.
Term
sequence
Definition
Restatement of an idea or motive at a different pitch level.
Term
motive
Definition
Short melodic or rhythmic idea; the smallest fragment of a theme that forms a melodic-harmonic-rhythmic unit.
Page 33
Term
calll and response
Definition
Performance style with a singing leader who is imitated by a chorus of followers. Also responsorial singing.
Page 34
Term
responsorial singing
Definition
Singing, especially in Gregorian chant, in which a soloist or a group of soloists alternates with the choir. See also call-and-response.
Term
genre
Definition
General term describing the standard character of a work.
Term
sacred music
Definition
Religious or spiritual music, for church or devotional use.
Term
secular music
Definition
Nonreligous music; when texted, usually in the vernacular.
Term
symphony
Definition
Large work for orchestra, generally in three or four movements.
Term
form
Definition
Structure and design in music, based on repetition, contrast, and variation; the organizing principle of music
Term
medium
Definition
Performing forces employed in a certain musical work.
Term
opus number
Definition
Performing forces employed in a certain musical work.
Term
oral transmission
Definition
Preservation of music without the aid of written notation.
Term
style
Definition
Characteristic manner of presentation of musical elements (melody, rhythm, harmony, dynamics, form, etc.).
Term
chorus
Definition
Fairly large group of singers who perform together, usually with several on each part. Also a choral movement of a large-scale work. In jazz, a single statement of the melodic-harmonic pattern.
Term
choir
Definition
A group of singers who perform together, usually in parts, with several on each part; often associated with a church.
Page 53
Term
satb
Definition
Abbreviation for the standard voices in a chorus or choir: Soparano, Alto, Tenor, Bass; may also refer to instrumental ranges.
Term
a capella
Definition
Choral music performed without instrumental accompaniment.
Term
madrigal choir
Definition
Small vocal ensemble that specializes in a capella secular works.
Term
chamber choir
Definition
Small group of up to about twenty-four singers, who usually perform a capella or with piano accompaniment.
Page 53
Term
chamber music
Definition
Ensemble music for up to about ten players, with one player to a part.
Term
string quartet
Definition
Chamber music ensemble consisting of two violins, viola, and cello. Also a multimovement composition for this ensemble.
Term
piano trio
Definition
Standard chamber ensemble of piano with violin and cello.
Term
quintet
Definition
Chamber music for five instruments or voices. See also brass quintet, piano quintet, string quintet and woodwind quintet.
Term
string quintet
Definition
Standard chamber ensemble made up of either two violins, two violas, and cello or two violins, viola, and two cellos.
Term
sextet
Definition
Chamber music for six instruments or voices.
Term
septet
Definition
Chamber music for seven instruments or voices.
Term
octet
Definition
Chamber music for eight instruments or voices.
Term
woodwind quintet
Definition
Standard chamber ensemble consisting of one of each of the following: flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, and horn (not a woodwind instrument).
Term
brass quintet
Definition
Standard chamber ensemble made up of two trumpets, horn, trombone, and tuba.
Term
concert band/wind ensemble
Definition
Instrumental ensemble ranging from forty to eighty memebers or more, consisting of wind and percussion instruments. Also wind ensemble.
Term
marching band
Definition
Instrumental ensemble for entertainment at sports events and parades, consisting of wind and percussion instruments, drum majors/majorettes, and baton twirlers.
Term
jazz band
Definition
Instrumental ensemble made up of reed (saxophones and clarinets), brass (trumpets and trombones), and rhythm sections (percussion, piano, double bass, and sometimes guitar.)
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Term
rock band
Definition
Popular music ensemble that depends on amplified strings, percussion, and electronically generated sounds.
Page 58
Term
concertmaster
Definition

 

The first-chair violinist of a symphony orchestra
Term
harpsichord
Definition
Early Baroque keyboard instrument in which the strings are plucked by quills instead of being struck with hammers like the piano. Also clavecin.
Term
organ
Definition
Wind instrument in which air is fed to the pipes by mechanical means; the pipes are controlled by two or more keyboards and a set of pedals.
Term
pianoforte/fortepiano
Definition
Forerunner of the modern piano (also fortepiano).
Page 51
Term
piano
Definition
Keyboard instrument whose strings are struck with hammers controlled by a keyboard mechanism; pedals control dampers in the strings that stop the sound when the finger releases the key.
Page 51
Term
gamelan
Definition
Musical ensemble of Java or Bali, made up of gongs, chimes, metallophones, and drums, among other instruments.
Page 51
Term
gong/tam-tam
Definition
Percussion instrument consisting of a broad circular disk of metal, suspended in a frame and struck with a heavy drumstick. Also tam-tam.
Term
cymbals
Definition
Percussion instruments consisting of two large circular brass plates of equal size that are struck sidewise against each other.
Term
triangle
Definition
Percussion instrument consisting of a slender rod of steel bent in the shape of a triangle, struck with a steel beater.
Term
castanets
Definition
Percussion instruments consisting of small wooden clappers that are struck together. They are widely used to accompany Spanish dancing.
Term
tambourine
Definition
Percussion instrument consisting of a small, round drum with metal plates inserted in its rim; played by striking or shaking.
Term
tom-tom
Definition
Cylindrical drum without snares.
Term
bassdrum
Definition

 

Percussion instrument played with a large, soft-headed stick; the largest orchestral drum.

Percussion instrument played with a large, soft-headed stick; the largest orchestral drum.

Term
tenor drum
Definition
Percussion instrument, larger than the snare drum, with a wooden shell.
Term
snare drum/side drum
Definition
Small cylindrical drum with two heads stretched over a metal shell, the lower head having strings across it. Also side drum.
Page 50
Term
chimes/tubular bells
Definition
Percussion instrument of definite pitch that consists of a set of tuned metal tubes of various lengths suspended from a frame and struck with a hammer. Also tubular bells.
Page 50
Term
celesta
Definition
Percussion instrument resembling a minitature upright piano, with tuned metal plates struck by hammers that are operated by a keyboard.
Term
glockenspiel
Definition
Percussion instrument with horizontal, tuned steel bars of various sizes that are struck with mallets and produce a bright, metallic sound.
Term
vibraphone
Definition
 percussion instrument with metal bars and electrically driven rotating propellers under each bar that produces a vibrato sound, much used in jazz.
Term
marimba
Definition
Percussion instrument that is a mellower version of the xylophone; of African origin.
Term
xylophone
Definition
Percussion instrument consisting of tuned blocks of wood suspended on a frame, laid out in the shape of a keyboard and struck with hard mallets.
Term
timpani/kettledrums
Definition
Percussion instrument consisting of a hemispheric copper shell with a head of plastic or calfskin, held in place by a metal ring and played with soft or hard padded sticks. A pedal mechanism changes the tension of the head, and with it the pitch. Also kettledrums.
Term
SOUSAPHONE
Definition
Brass instrument adapted from the tuba with a forward bell that is coiled to rest over the player's shoulder for ease of carrying while marching.
Term
euphonium
Definition
Tenor-range brass instrument resembling the tuba. Also baritone horn.
Term
fluegelhorn
Definition
Valved brass instrument resembling a bugle with a wide bell, used in jazz and commercial music.
Term
BUGLE
Definition
Brass instrument that evolved from the earlier military, or field, trumpet.
Term
TUBA
Definition
Bass-range brass instrument that changes pitch through valves.
Term
TROMBONE
Definition
Tenor-range brass instrument that changes pitch by means of a movable double slide; there is also a bass version.
Page 49
Term
Horn/French horn
Definition
Medium-range valved brass instrument that can be played "stopped" with the hand as well as open. Also French horn.
Page 48
Term
Trumpet
Definition
Highest-pitched brass instrument that changes pitch through valves.Page 48
Term
Embouchure
Definition
The placement of the lips, lower facial muscles, and jaws in playing a wind instrument.Page 48
Term
Saxophone
Definition
Family of single-reed woodwind instruments commonly used in the concert and jazz band.Page 48
Term
Contrabassoon
Definition
Double-reed woodwind instrument with the lowest range in the woodwind family.Page 48
Term
Bassoon
Definition
Double-reed woodwind instrument with a low range.Page 48
Term
Bass clarinet
Definition
Woodwind instrument with the lowest range of the clarinet family.Page 48
Term
Clarinet
Definition
Single-reed woodwind instrument with a wide range of sizes.Page 48
Term
Bell
Definition
The wide or bulbed opening at the end of a wind instrument.Page 48
Term
English horn
Definition
Double-reed woodwind instrument, larger and lower in range than the oboe.Page 48
Term
Oboe
Definition
Soprano-range, double-reed woodwind instrument.Page 48
Term
Fortissimo
Definition
Very loud.Page 48
Term
Piccolo
Definition
Smallest woodwind instrument, similar to the flute but sounding an octave higher.Page 48
Term
Flute
Definition
Soprano-range woodwind instrument, usually made of metal and held horizontally.Page 47
Term
Mandolin
Definition
Plucked-string instrument with a rounded body and fingerboard; used in some folk musics and in country-western music.Page 46
Term
Banjo
Definition
Plucked-string instrument with round body in the form of a single-headed drum and a long, fretted neck; brough to the Americas by African slaves.Page 46
Term
Electric guitar
Definition
A guitar designed for electronic amplification.Page 45
Term
Guitar
Definition
Plucked-string instrument originally made of wood with a hollow resonating body and fretted fingerboard; types include acoustic and electric.Page 45
Term
Arpeggio
Definition
Broken chord in which the individual tones are sounded one after another instead of simultaneously.Page 45
Term
harp
Definition
Plucked-string instrument, triangular in shape with strings perpendicular to the soundboard.Page 45
Term
harmonics
Definition
Individual pure sounds that are part of any musical tone; in string instruments, crystalline tones in the very high register, produced by lightly touching a vibrating string at a certain point. Page 45
Term
mute
Definition
Mechanical device used to muffle the sound of an instrument.Page 45
Term
Quadruple-stop
Definition
Playing four notes simultaneously on a string instrument.Page 45
Term
Triple-stop
Definition
playing three notes simultaneously on a string instrument.Page 45
Term
Double-stop
Definition
Playing two notes simultaneously on a string instrument.Page 45
Term
Glissando
Definition
Rapid slide through pitches of a scale.Page 45
Term
Pizzicato
Definition
Performance direction to pluck a string of a bowed instrument with the finger.Page 45
Term
Staccato
Definition
Short, detached notes, marked with a dot above then.Page 45
Term
Legato
Definition
Smooth and connected; opposite of staccato.Page 45
Term
Double bass/contrabass/bass viol
Definition
Largest and lowest-pitched member of the bowed string family. Also called contrabass or bass viol.Page 44
Term
Violoncello/cello
Definition
Bowed-string instrument with a middle-to-low range and dark, rich sonority; lower than a viola. Also cello.Page 44
Term
Double
Definition
To perform the same notes with more than one voice or instrument, either at the same pitch level or an octave higher or lower.Page 44
Term
viola
Definition
Bowed-string instrument of middle range; the second-highest member of the violin family.Page 44
Term
violin
Definition
Soprano, or highest-ranged, member of the bowed-string instrument family.Page 44
Term
pluck
Definition
To sound the strings of an instrument using fingers or a plectrum or pick.Page 43
Term
bow
Definition
A slightly curved stick with hair or fibers attached at both ends, drawn over the strings of an instrument to set them in motion.Page 43
Term
Instrument
Definition
Mechanism that generates musical vibrations and transmits them into the air.Page 39
Term
Register
Definition
Specific area in the range of an instrument or voice.Page 39
Term
Soprano
Definition
Highest-ranged voice, normally possessed by women or boys.Page 40
Term
Mezzo-soprano
Definition
Female voice of the middle range.Page 40
Term
Alto/contralto
Definition
Lowest of the female voices. Also contralto.Page 40
Term
Tenor
Definition
Male voice of high range. Also a part, often structural, in polyphony.Page 40
Term
Baritone
Definition
Male voice of the moderately low range.Page 40
Term
Bass
Definition
Lowest of the male voices.Page 40
Term
Vibrato
Definition
Small fluctuation of pitch used as an expressive device to intensify a sound.Page 40
Term
Aerophone
Definition
Instruments such as a flute, whistle, or horn that produce sound by usint air as the primary vibrating means.Page 41
Term
Chordophone
Definition
Instrument that produces sound from a vibrating string stretched between two points; the string may be set in motion by bowing, striking, or plucking.Page 41
Term
Idiophone
Definition
Instrument that produces sound from the substance of the instrument itself by being struck, blown, shaken, scraped, or rubbed. Examples inlude bells, rattles, xylophones, and cymbals.Page 41
Term
Membranophone
Definition
Any instrument that produces sound tightly stretched membranes that can be struck, plucked, rubbed, or sung into (setting the skin in vibration).Page 41
Term
tempo
Definition
Rate of speed or pace of music.
Page 35
Term
dynamics
Definition
Element of musical expression relating to the degree of loudness or softness, or volume, of a sound.
Page 36
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