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MUSIC 120
midterm 1
68
Music
1st Grade
04/15/2012

Additional Music Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Pope Gregory
Definition
-Medieval period
-Gregorian chant
Sung during two types of services, the office and the mass
-The mass: propers (texts specific for the day), ordinary (texts used for every mass)
-The office: hymns (syllabic chants)
Term
Hildegard of Bingen
Definition
-Medieval period
-Gregorian chant (monophonic)
-First composer we have information about and first women
-O Successores
Term
Machaut
Definition
-Medieval period
-Puis qu’en oubli sui de vous
-Rondeau (one of the main poetic forms in 14th and 15th century)
-Agnus Dei
-Liturgy/liturgical music (Specific kind of secular music, done within the church worship setting
-1st mass ordinary that is polyphonic
-Part of the mass ordinary
-Trinity (three parts)
Term
Josquin Desprez
Definition
Renaissance
- Martin Luther called Desprez the prince of music
-Ave Mariaj
-Motet (sacred polyphony choral that is not apart of the mass ordinary)
Term
Palestrina
Definition
-Renaissance
-Showed that polyphony could still be understood (Kyrie)
-Kyrie
-a cappella, 6 voices
Term
Thomas Tallis
Definition
-Anglican
-If Ye Love Me, Keep My Commandments

-Clear, syllabic text-setting
Term
Thomas Weelkes
Definition
-Renaissance
- As Vesta Was Descending

-Comes from The Triumphes of Oriana
-Queen Elizabeth I (Oriana)

-Madrigal (secular vocal pieces designed for soloist using word paintings)
-Word painting
Term
John Dowland
Definition
-Renaissance
-Flow My Tears
-Lute song
Term
Michael Praetorius
Definition
-Renaissance instrumental music
-Passamezzo & Galliard from Terpsichore

-Passamezzo: duple meter
-Galliard: triple meter

-Paired courtly dances
Term
Monteverdi
Definition
-Early Baroque (Opera)
-Tu Se Morta
-Recitative with a large chorus
-Expressive dissonance
-Alessandro Striggio

Librettist (person who writes the text for an opera) for Tu Se Morta

Orpheus/Orfeo & Euridice

Orfeo is a story about Orpheus going to the underworld to save his wife Euridice who died
Term
Purcell
Definition
-Late Baroque (Opera)
-Dido and Aeneas
-Ground bass or basso ostinato (repeating bass line)
Secco recitative
-Nahum Tate

-Wrote libretto of Dido and Aeneas

Dido & Aeneas

-Aeneas fall in love with Dido but witches plot Dido downfall by falsely making Aeneas leave and Dido kills herself
Term
Antonio Vivaldi
Definition
-Late Baroque
-Known as the red priest
-Solo concerto (single soloist vs. orchestra, three movements (fast, slow, fast)
-La Primavera (tutti (ritornello) vs. solo)
-Terraced dynamics -
-Word painting
Term
Francesca Caccini
Definition
-Early Baroque (Opera)
-The Camerata
-O Che Nuovo Stupor
-Spiritual aria
Term
Bach
Definition
-Late Baroque
-Concerto grosso (small group of soloist vs. orchestra)
-Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, 1st mvt (tutti (ritornello) vs. solo)

-Cadenza: soloist plays by himself without group

-Fugue (polyphonic composition based on one theme)
-“Little” Fugue in G minor

-Countersubject (An melodic idea that accompanies the subject)
-Pedal point (Bass is held while other notes produce changing harmonies)

-Suites (set of dance related movements)
-Orchestral Suite No. 3, 4th mvt., Bourée (AABB)
-Cantata (Something that is sung, based on a chorale)
-Cantata No. 140: Wachet Auf, 4th & 7th mvts

-Chorale written by Philipp Nicolai
Term
Handel
Definition
-Late Baroque
-Supported by a patron (one who gives financial support)
-Oratorio (like opera except without costumes or acting and is about a sacred subject)
-Ev’ry Valley Shall Be Exalted

-Aria for tenor
-Word painting

Hallelujah Chorus

-All three textures (mono, homo, poly)
Term
Early Music Guild
Definition
-Played Estampie
Term
Contata
Definition
length:short, 20 min
performance venue:Lutheran church
performing forces:orchestra, soloist, chorus
purpose:worship
staging:no staging
text/plot:biblical/sacred
# of movements:5-10
Term
Oratorio
Definition
length:long, hours
performance venue:theater/concert hall
performing forces:orchestra, soloist, chorus
purpose: entertainment
staging:no staging
text/plot:biblical
# of movements:lots
Term
Opera
Definition
length:long, hours
performance venue: public(theater/concert hall)
performing forces:orchestra, soloist, chorus
purpose:entertainment
staging:costume, props, lighting, sets, special effects
text/plot:mythology/greek dramas
# of movements:lots
Term
Melody
Definition
tune. The main thing you would hum for a song
Term
Harmony
Definition
chords accompanying a melody
o Minor: sad, sinister, angry
o Major: happy
Term
Rhythm
Definition
o Pulse: the beat
o Meter: the arrangement of stressed and unstressed beats
o Tempo: speed
• Largo: slow
• Prestissimo: fast
Term
Dynamics
Definition
o Crescendo: getting louder
o Decrescendo: getting quieter
Term
Texture
Definition
o Monophonic: one melody. all parts move in parallel rhythm and pitch
o Homophonic: two or more parts move together in harmony, the relationship between them creating chords
o Polyphonic: parts move with rhythmic independence
Term
Timbre
Definition
tone color, orchestration
Term
Form
Definition
organization of musical material in time
o Repetition
o Variation
o Contrast
o Ex. ABA
Term
Ordinary mass
Definition
a song that can be performed at church any day
Term
Proper mass
Definition
a song that should be performed on a specific day in church (Easter, Christmas etc)
Term
Syllabic
Definition
singing one syllable per note
Term
Mellismatic
Definition
the singing of a single syllable of text while moving between several different notes in succession
Term
Antiphonal
Definition
any call and response style of singing. Any piece of music performed by two semi-independent choirs in interaction, often singing alternate musical phrases.
Term
rubato
Definition
to rob, tempo changes
Term
disjunct motion
Definition
leaps (A,E,C)
Term
conjunct motion
Definition
steps (A,B,C), Gregorian chants
Term
melodic contour
Definition
shape of the melody
Term
plainchant (“Gregorian”)
Definition
monophonic, no instruments
Term
measured rhythm
Definition
Medieval period, not written down
Term
liturgy/liturgical music
Definition
specific kind of music, done in church worship setting, Agnus Dei
Term
parallel organum
Definition
Gregorian chant with additional melodic lines moving in parallel motion
Term
florid organum
Definition
Gregorian chant with additional melodic lines moving faster than original chant
Term
imitation (in polyphony)
Definition
overlap of the same melody
Term
Cantus firmus
Definition
chant term in Angus Dei
Term
Protestant Reformation
Definition
started by martin luther, break away from the catholic church
Term
Counter Reformation / Council of Trent
Definition
polyphonic music made it impossible to understand text, secular music for mass was not okay, Kyrie was an example that it was okay
Term
Well-Tempered Clavier
Definition
48 preludes and fugues by Bach to show tuning
Term
Art of the Fugue
Definition
all of Bach’s fugue writings
Term
Anglican Church
Definition
Thomas Tallis
Term
The Triumphes of Oriana
Definition
Queen Elizabeth I, Weelkes, As Vesta Was Descending
Term
Paired courtly dances
Definition
Terpsichore, Michael Praetorius
Term
Monody
Definition
single vocal melody with accompaniment, also known as homophonic, early baroque
Term
Expressive dissonance
Definition
not ending at rest, Monteverdi
Term
“Doctrine of the Affections”
Definition
one emotion at a time
Term
florid/melismatic/melisma
Definition
many notes per syllable of text
Term
syllabic style singing
Definition
one note per syllable of text
Term
concerto
Definition
3 movements, with one or more soloists
Term
solo concerto
Definition
one soloist accompanied by an orchestra
Term
concerto grosso
Definition
group of soloists that are accompanied by orchestra
Term
Heterophony
Definition
single melody, no accompaniment, Early Music Guild
Term
Primo libro della musiche
Definition
By Caccini, O Che Nuovo Stupor
Term
Improvisation
Definition
creation of music the same time it is formed, Bach
Term
Ornamentation
Definition
Caccini
Term
strophic form
Definition
chorales
Term
fugato
Definition
a passage that looks a fugue, Bach, Cantata
Term
Alleluia
Definition
-Gregorian chant
-Proper
-ABA
-single syllables of text
Term
medieval period (450-1450) composers
Definition
Pope Gregory
Hildegard of Bingen
Machaut
Term
Renaissance period (1450-1600) composers
Definition
Josquin Desprez
Palestrina
Thomas Tallis
Thomas Weelkes
John Dowland
Michael Praetorius
Term
Early Baroque (1600-1680) composers
Definition
Monteverdi
Francesca Caccini
Term
Late Baroque (1680-1750) composers
Definition
Purcell
Antonio Vivaldi
Bach
Handel
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