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Music 101 test 1: Elements
N/A
90
Music
Undergraduate 2
09/10/2011

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Term
Sound
Definition
begins with the vibration of an object. the vibrations are transmitted to ears by a medium (air) then eardrums vibrate and signals (impulses) are sent to brain where they are selected, organized and interpreted.
Term
Four main properties of music
Definition
pitch, dynamics, tone color, and duration
Term
Music
Definition
art based of organization of sounds in time
Term
Pitch
Definition
the highness or lowness of a sound
Term
What is determined by frequency of vibrations?
Definition
Pitch
Term
Faster vibrations
Definition
higher sound
Term
Slower Vibrations
Definition
low sound
Term
Short string
Definition
higher sound
Term
Long string
Definition
Lower sound
Term
Tone
Definition
a sound that has a definite pitch
Term
Interval
Definition
the distance in pitch between any two tones
Term
Octave
Definition
tones separated by the interval. 8 notes 7 tones
Term
Pitch range
Definition
distance between lowest and highest tones that a voice or instrument can produce. Untrained voice-1 and a half octaves. Piano-over 7 octaves
Term
Pianissimo pp
Definition
very soft
Term
Piano p
Definition
soft
Term
Mezzo piano mp
Definition
moderately soft
Term
Mezzo forte mf
Definition
moderately loud
Term
Forte f
Definition
loud
Term
Fortissimo ff
Definition
very loud
Term
Decrescendo or Diminuendo
Definition
gradually softer
Term
Crescendo
Definition
gradually louder
Term
Tone color (timbre)
Definition
quality that distinguishes instruments or voices
Term
Women voices
Definition
soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto, contralto
Term
Men voices
Definition
tenor, baritone, bass
Term
6 categories of western instruments
Definition
string, woodwind, brass, percussion, keyboard, eletronic
Term
Register
Definition
part of the total range in which an instrument can be played
Term
Concertmaster
Definition
1st violinist-plays solo and coordinates bowing of strings and fills in if conductor can't make it.
Term
Pizzicato
Definition
plucked string
Term
Double step
Definition
2 notes at once
Term
Vibrato
Definition
throbbing tone-pitch fluctuations warm tone
Term
Mute
Definition
muffles tone
Term
Harmonics
Definition
high pitched tones
Term
Definite percussion
Definition
timpani (kettledrums)
glockenspiel
xylophone
celesta
chimes
Term
Indefinite percussion
Definition
snare drum
bass drum
tambourine
triangle
cymbals
gong (tam-tam)
Term
What is king of instruments
Definition
Pipe organ-can sound like all kinds of tones
Term
Rhythm
Definition
flow of music thru time-arrangement of notes length
Term
Beat
Definition
regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into units of time
Term
Meter
Definition
organization of beats into groups
Term
Measure
Definition
group containing fixed # of beats
Term
Syncopation
Definition
when accented note comes where normally it wouldn't-offbeat
Term
Tempo
Definition
speed of the beat
Term
Largo
Definition
very slow, broad
Term
Grave
Definition
very slow, solemn
Term
Adagio
Definition
slow
Term
Andante
Definition
moderately slow, walking
Term
Moderato
Definition
moderate
Term
Allegretto
Definition
moderately fast
Term
Allegro
Definition
fast
Term
Vivace
Definition
lively
Term
Presto
Definition
very fast
Term
Prestissimo
Definition
as fast as possible
Term
Notation
Definition
system of writing music so that specific pitches and rhythms can be communicatied
Term
Ledger lines
Definition
if pitch falls above or below range indicated by staff
Term
Clef
Definition
shows pitch of each line, space
Term
Time signature
Definition
shows meter of a piece
Term
Score
Definition
shows music for each instrument, voice
Term
Upper number of time signature
Definition
tells how many beats in measure
Term
Lower number in time signature
Definition
tells what note gets beat
Term
Melody
Definition
series of single tones that add up to a recognizable whole
Term
Legato
Definition
smooth, connected
Term
Staccato
Definition
short, detached
Term
Phrase
Definition
shorter part of melody
Term
Sequence
Definition
repetition of previous section at different pitch
Term
Cadence
Definition
end of a phrase
Term
Harmony
Definition
the way chords are constructed and how the follow each other. adds depth
Term
Consonance
Definition
a stable tone combination- arrival, rest and resolution
Term
Dissonance
Definition
an unstable tone combination
Term
Resolution
Definition
when dissonance moves to consonance
Term
Triad
Definition
simplest, most basic chord, 3 tones do mi sol
Term
Tonic chord
Definition
triad built on first note of scale
Term
Dominant chord
Definition
triad built on 5th note of scale
Term
Broken Chord
Definition
arpeggio-individual tones of chord are sounded one after the other
Term
Key
Definition
involves central tone and chord (tonality)
Term
Major scale
Definition
whole whole half whole whole whole half
Term
Minor scale
Definition
whole half whole whole half whole whole
Term
Key signature
Definition
sharps and flats for a piece
Term
Chromatic scale
Definition
12 tones of octave-all black and white on octave of piano
Term
Modulation
Definition
shifting from 1 key to another
Term
Musical texture
Definition
how many different layers of sounds are heard at once
Term
Monophonic
Definition
unison, having one sound, single melodic line
Term
Polyphonic
Definition
simultaneous performance of 2 or more melodic lines (many sounds)
Term
Counterpoint
Definition
technique of combing several melodic lines into meaningful whole
Term
Homophonic
Definition
one main melody accompanied by chords
Term
Form
Definition
organization of musical elements in time
Term
Repetition
Definition
creates sense of unity
Term
Contrast
Definition
provides variety
Term
Variation
Definition
unity and variety at same time
Term
Three part form (Tenary)
Definition
used most frequent A-statement B-contrast A-return
Term
Two part form (binary)
Definition
A-statement B-counter statement
Term
Style
Definition
characteristic way of using melody, rhythm, tone color, dynamics, harmony, texture, and form
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