Term
| Chronic, multisystem autoimmune disease of unknown origin. Results in hardening of the skin and organs. Collagen deposits can lead to vessel occlusion |
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Definition
| Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) |
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Term
| S/S of Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)? |
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Definition
- Raynaud's phenomenon: vessels in fingers, toes, ears, and nose spasm (cold weather and emotions trigger this)
- symmetric painless swelling or thickening of the skin
- taut and shiny skin (hands)
- morning stiffness
- frequent reflux of gastric acid
- difficulty swallowing
- weight loss
- dyspnea
- pericarditis
- renal insufficiency |
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Term
| Diagnosis Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)? |
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Definition
- Positive ANA
- Elevated ESR |
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Term
| Treatment for Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)? |
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Definition
- high doses of steroids
- immunosuppressants
- antihypertensives
- small frequent feedings
- avoid alcohol, caffeine |
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Term
| A break or disruption in the continuity of a bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bone fragments separate completely? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bone fragments are still partially joined? |
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Definition
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Term
| A break that usually occurs in the vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| At least one part of the bone has been twisted? |
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Definition
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Term
| Results in several fractures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bone is piercing the skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bone does not break the skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| A break from either repeated or prolonged stress? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tumor or disease process causes a spontaneous break? |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk factors for fractures? |
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Definition
- trauma to the bones
- bone disease
- advance age
- white race
- use of psychotropic drugs
- females |
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Term
|
Definition
- swelling
- bruising
- pain
- tenderness
- loss of normal function
- abnormal position
- decreased mobility |
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Term
| When does a bone begin to heal? |
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Definition
| As soon as the injury occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
- location and severity of the fracture
- type of bone
- blood supply to the area
- infection
- adequacy of immobilization
- age
- endocrine disorders |
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Term
| What are the 5 stages of fracture healing? |
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Definition
1. hematoma formation: immediately after fracture bleeding and edema occurs. In 48-72 hours a hematoma forms at the end of each bone
2. fibrocartilage formation: granulation tissue replaces the clot
3. callus formation: 1-4 weeks after break, granulation tissue changes into a callus. Callus is made up of cartilage, osteoblasts, calcium, phosphate. Callus serves as a temp stint
4. ossification: 3 weeks to 6 months a permanents callus forms and end of bones begin to knit.
5. consolidation and remodeling: distance between bone fragments decrease. Immature bones cells are replaced with mature bones. Bone then takes on it's original shape and size. |
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Term
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Definition
- osteomyelitis: infection in the bone
- fat embolism: fat cells from marrow get into the blood stream and migrate to the lungs
- DVT |
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Term
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Definition
- local pain
- redness
- purulent drainage
- chills and fever
- hot spot over cast or dressing |
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Term
| Treatment for osteomyelitis? |
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Definition
- IV antibiotics (long term 4-8 weeks)
- would care (sterile) |
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Term
| What complication is common with long bones, multiple fractures, and sever trauma? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- respiratory distress (first sign)
- tachycardia
- tachyapnea
- fever
- confusion and decreased LOC |
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Term
| Treatment for a fat embolism? |
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Definition
- bed rest
- O2 and/ or ventilator support
- fluid restriction cause of pulmonary edema |
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Term
| Internal or external pressure on the affected area that may lead to sensory loss and paralysis if not repaired? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is internal pressure compartment syndrome caused by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is external pressure compartment syndrome caused by? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does it take for a limb to die if circulation is not adequate? |
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Definition
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Term
| S/S of compartment syndrome? |
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Definition
- pain that isn't fixed with meds
- edema
- pallor
- weak or unequal pulses
- cyanosis
- paresthesia |
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Term
| Treatment for compartment syndrome? |
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Definition
- internal: surgical fasciotomy
- external: cast or dressing is removed |
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Term
| A complication of a fracture that is related to risk of excessive blood loss? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
- tachycardia
- anxiety
- pallor
- cool
- clammy skin
- hypotension
- loss of consciousness |
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Term
| Due to immobility associated associated with a fracture? |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment and prevention for joint stiffness? |
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Definition
- appropriate positioning
- progressive exercise program, ROM
- splints, traction, casts, surgical manipulation |
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Term
| A fracture that heals but did not align correctly? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| rebreak the bone and realign it |
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Term
| A fracture that heals slower then it should? |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment for delayed union? |
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Definition
| diet high in protein and calcium |
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Term
| This occurs when a fracture does not heal? |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment for a nonunion fracture? |
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Definition
| synthetic bone graph is placed around the bone |
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Term
| Death of bone related to decreased blood supply? |
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Definition
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Term
| S/S of an avascular necrosis? |
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Definition
- pain
- instability
- decreased function in affected area |
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Term
| Treatment for an avascular necrosis? |
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Definition
- surgery to remove necrotic tissue
- possibly amputation |
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Term
| Risk factors for an acascular necrosis? |
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Definition
- decreased circulation
- osteomyelitis (infection)
- compartment syndrome |
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Term
| This reveals bone disruption, deformity, or malignancy? |
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Definition
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Term
| This detects fractures of complex structures, such as hip and pelvis, or compression fractures of the spine? |
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Definition
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Term
| This detects small bone fractures caused by stress or disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| A nonsurgical realignment that returns bones to their previous anatomic position? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is done after an reduction is done? |
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Definition
| x-ray, and a cast is usually put on |
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Term
| A surgical procedure in which an incision is made at the fracture site? |
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Definition
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