Term
|
Definition
| dissolving from or lysis, as in lysis of the pars interarticularis in spondylosis |
|
|
Term
| What good is a Scottie Dog? |
|
Definition
| - Radiographic assessment of spondylolisthesis begins with standard plain radiographs that include lateral, anteroposterior, and oblique views.
- the abnormality is classically described as a fracture of "the Scottie dog's neck"
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| called dysplastic spondylolisthesis and is secondary to a congenital defect of either the superior sacral or inferior L5 facets or both with gradual slipping of the L5 vertebra
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- forward (anterior) displacement (olisthy) of one vertebra over another
- usually due to a developmental defect in the pars interarticularis.
- secondary to spondylosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- lytic defect or separation in the pars intrarticularis
- commonly caused by trauma to a congenital abnormal segment of the the pars interarticularis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- a form of degenerative joint disease that affects the spine
- most commonly seen in lumbar and sacroiliac joint
- may also affect other joints, particularly the hips.
- systemic illness of unknown etiology
- affecting young persons predominantly
- producing pain and stiffness as a result of inflammation of the sacroiliac, intervertebral, and costovertebral joints
- paraspinal calcification, with ossification and ankylosis of the spinal joints
- may cause complete rigidity of the spine and thorax. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - immobility and consolidation of a joint due to disease, injury, or surgical procedure. |
|
|
Term
| defect in the pars interarticularis can be identified but no slipping has occurred |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type II spondylolisthesis |
|
Definition
- isthmic or spondylolytic
- in which the lesion is in the isthmus or pars interarticularis
- has the greatest clinical importance in persons under the age of 50.
- can be divided into three subcategories (A, B, C) |
|
|
Term
| Type II A spondylolisthesis |
|
Definition
| - sometimes called Lytic or stress spondylolisthesis
- most likely caused by recurrent micro-fractures caused by hyperextension
- called a "stress fracture" of the pars interarticularii
- more common in males.
[image] |
|
|
Term
| Type II B spondylolisthesis |
|
Definition
| - probably also occurs from micro-fractures in the pars
- In contrast to Type II A, the pars interarticularii remain intact but stretched out as the fractures fill in with new bone.
[image] |
|
|
Term
| Type II C spondylolisthesis |
|
Definition
| - very rare in occurrence
- caused by an acute fracture of the pars
- Nuclear imaging may be needed to establish diagnosis.
[image] |
|
|
Term
| Type III spondylolisthesis |
|
Definition
- degenerative spondylolisthesis
- degeneration of the lumbar facet joints.
- can allow forward or backward vertebral displacement.
- most often seen in older patients.
- Type III degenerative spondylolisthesis there is no pars defect and the vertebral slippage is never greater than 30%. |
|
|
Term
| Type IV spondylolisthesis |
|
Definition
| - traumatic spondylolisthesis
- is associated with acute fracture of a posterior element (pedicle, lamina or facets) other than the pars interarticularis.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - pathologic spondylolisthesis
- occurs because of a structural weakness of the bone secondary to a disease process such as a tumor or other bone diseases.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- backward and LATERAL curvature of the spinal column
- seen in children if placed in forward-bent position
- thoracic "hump" is noted. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| median (C6), radial (C7), ulnar (C8)
((On palmar surface, lateral-to-medial, thumb-to-5th, C6 Thumb, C7 2nd and 3rd, C8 4th and 5th))
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Saphenous (L3,4) - medial shin and medial arch
deep peroneal (L4, L5 and S1) - mid dorsal foot to webspace between 1st and 2nd digits
superficial peroneal (L4, L5 and S1) - lateral shin, majority of dorsal surface, splits deep peroneal to medial 1st digit and 2-4 digits
medial plantar (L4,5) - medial plantar surface, plantar 1-3 and half of 4th.
lateral plantar (S1,2) - lateral plantar surface, lateral half of 4th and all of 5th.
calcaneal branch (tibial nerve) (S1,2) - heel
sural (S1,2) - lateral edge, mostly plantar
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outward; denoting a deformity in which the angulation of the part is away from the midline of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
“knock-kneed”
A CAPITAL LETTER R IS KNOCK-KNEED!!
bent or twisted inward
denoting a deformity in which the angulation of the part is toward the midline of the body |
|
|
Term
| Cervical nerve segments end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| back of the head dermatome and neck dermatomes |
|
Definition
back of the head: C2
Neck: C3-5 |
|
|
Term
| brachial plexus dermatome |
|
Definition
C5-T1
Shoulder C5
arm C5-T1 (T1 is axilla & anterior arm)
Hand: 1st to 5th digits = C6, C7, C8 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thoracic dermatomes start and stop |
|
Definition
Start: below the shoulder, above axilla
End: illiac crest |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar dermatomes start and end |
|
Definition
lumbar spine and drape around to anterior legs
(Sacral nerves innervate the posterior legs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| buttocks and posterior legs |
|
Definition
like a bullseye, S1 & S2 outer and posterior legs
Inner circles to anus S3, 4, 5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Apley's comprerssion (grind) test |
|
Definition
| Meniscal pathology[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Meniscal pathology[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ruptured achilles tendon
Squeezing of gastrocnemeus muscle fails to cause plantar flexion in achille's rupture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Knee anterior cruciate ligamentous instability
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Biceps tendon pathology
Forward flex the shoulder against resistance while maintaining the elbow in extension and the forearm in supination. Pain or tenderness in the bicipital groove in dicates bicipital tendinitis. [image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Biceps tendon pathology
Elbow flexed to 90 degrees and the forearm pronated. Examiner holds the patient's wrist to resist active supination. Pain in the bicipital groove is a positive test for biceps injury [image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supraspinatus pathology
90 abduction, 30 of horizontal flexion and full internal rotation
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rotator cuff pathology/impingement
Forced elevation of the humerus while holding the other hand on the top of the shoulder girdle.[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SLAP lesion
shoulder is held in 90 degrees of forward flexion, 30 to 45 degrees of horizontal adduction and maximal internal rotation. The examiner grabs the patient's wrist and resists the patient's attempt to horizontally adduct and forward flex the shoulder.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SLAP stands for “Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior.”
This means that the upper rim of the labrum has been torn from front to back. The tear occurs where the biceps tendon anchors to the labrum. [image] |
|
|
Term
| Common causes of a SLAP lesion include: |
|
Definition
Falling on an outstretched hand
Forceful lifting
Repeated overhead motions (such as throwing) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Impingement
Shoulder is placed in 90 of forward flexion and then forcibly internally rotating the shoulder.[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wrist neurological dysfunction
Pain, tingling, or electric sensations strongly suggest carpal tunnel syndrome.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gamekeeper's Thumb, Skier's Thumb
Wrist ligamentous instability test
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Wrist vascular insufficiency
- Ask the patient to make a tight fist.
- Compress the radial amd/or ulnar artery firmly enough that that there is no flow through it. Hold for several minutes observing for ischemic changes in the hand.
- if inadequate collaterals through ulnar arterial arcade, hand will become dusky and cold. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
median nerve pathology
Pain, tingling, or other abnormal sensations in the thumb, index, or middle fingers strongly suggest carpal tunnel syndrome. |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus Test |
|
Definition
| - Hold the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the finger being tested in extension.
- Ask the patient to flex the finger at the distal interphalangeal joint.
- If the patient cannot flex the finger, the flexor digitorum profundus tendon is cut or non-functional.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rotator Cuff
- Start with the patient's arm abducted 90 degrees
- Ask the patient to slowly lower the arm.
- the patient will be unable to lower the arm slowly and smoothly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DE QUERVAIN'S TENOSYNOVITIS of the thumb
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DJD carpometocarpal joint
- The grind test involves pushing the thumb metacarpal against the trapezium[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - Inferior shoulder instability
- pathognomic of multidirectional instability
- This sign reflects laxity in the capsule and usually indicates that there is a large rotator interval.
[image] |
|
|
Term
| four muscles in the Rotator Cuff. |
|
Definition
- Teres Minor
- Infraspinatus
- Supraspinatus
- Subscapularis |
|
|
Term
| de Quervain’s tenosynovitis |
|
Definition
| - caused by swelling and inflammation as a result of tenosynovitis of the 1st dorsal extensor compartment SHEATH which contains the extensor pollicis brevis and the abduction pollicis longus tendons. |
|
|
Term
Types of spondylolisthesis
(The brief, down and dirty) |
|
Definition
- Type I - dysplastic spondylolisthesis
- Type II - isthmic or spondylolytic
- Type II A - Lytic or stress spondylolisthesis
- Type II B - micro-fractures in the pars
- Type II C - rare, acute fracture of the pars
- Type III - degenerative spondylolisthesis
- Type IV - traumatic spondylolisthesis
- Type V - pathologic spondylolisthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of a tendon sheath |
|
|
Term
tx of choice when RA fails to respond to NSAIDs.
How long does it take? |
|
Definition
Methotrexate
2-6 weeks to be effective. |
|
|
Term
Upsides and Downsides to corticosteroids in RA
When would you use them? |
|
Definition
Upside:
- produce immediate and dramatic anti-inflammatory effect
Downside:
- Do not alter the natural course of RA
- clinical manifestations reappear when d/c'd
--- Use after failure of NSAIDs, methotrexate and gold salts. |
|
|
Term
| name that class: Hydroxychloroquine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
when are antimalarials used in RA?
name one |
|
Definition
reserved for pts with mild, stable dz
Hydroxychloroquine |
|
|
Term
| spinal lesion @ L2-L3, impinging on L3 nerve root. |
|
Definition
- loss of sensation to upper ant, thigh
- loss of strength in hip flexor
- no abnml reflexes |
|
|
Term
| biceps and brachioradialis reflexes |
|
Definition
| mediated by the C5 and C6 nerve roots. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mediated by the C6 and C7 nerve roots, predominantly by C7. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mediated by the L3 and L4 nerve roots, mainly L4. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cerebellar injury may have a knee jerk that swings forwards and backwards several times |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ankle jerk reflex is mediated by the S1 nerve root. |
|
|
Term
plantar reflex
Name, nml, abnml, medicated |
|
Definition
(Babinski)
- normal reflex is toe flexion.
- abnmml: toes extend and separate, this is an abnormal finding called a positive Babinski's sign.
- an upper motor neuron lesion affecting the lower extremity in question. |
|
|
Term
plantar reflex
Name, nml, abnml, medicated |
|
Definition
(Babinski)
- normal reflex is toe flexion.
- abnmml: toes extend and separate, this is an abnormal finding called a positive Babinski's sign.
- an upper motor neuron lesion affecting the lower extremity in question. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- pt's middle finger between the examiner's thumb and index finger.
- patient relaxes their fingers completely.
- press down on the patient's fingernail until "click"
- Normally, nothing occurs.
- A positive Hoffman's response is when the other fingers flex transiently after the "click".
- A positive Hoffman response is indicative of an upper motor neuron lesion affecting the upper extremity in question. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Pain along posterior thigh with radiation to the heel
- Weakness on plantar flexion (may be absent)
- Sensory loss in the lateral foot
- Absent ankle jerk reflex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Pain along the posterior or posterolateral thigh with radiation to
the top of the foot
- Weakness of dorsiflexion of the great toe and foot
- Paraesthesia and numbness of top of foot and great toe
- No reflex changes noted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Pain in front of thigh
- Wasting of quadriceps muscles may be present
- Diminished sensation on the front of the thigh and medial lower leg
- Reduced knee jerk reflex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- slipped capital femoral epiphysis becomes avascular, followed by absorption and later revascularization
- sx: gradual onset, worsening limp, groin or knee pain,
- Most common in children < 10 yo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Achilles Apophysitis
- occurs mainly in active children aged 8 to 15 years old
- At the point the site at which the Achilles tendon attaches to the heel becomes inflammed and the bone starts to crumble
- As the bones get longer, the muscles and tendons become tighter.
- sx: heel pain, worsens with increasing activity. |
|
|
Term
| Osteochondritis dissecans |
|
Definition
- a disorder of one or more ossification centers, characterized by sequential degeneration or aseptic necrosis and recalcification.
- subchondral bone becomes avascular.
- causes 50% of loose bodies in the knee. |
|
|
Term
| slipped capital femoral epiphysis |
|
Definition
| SCFE - femoral capital epiphysis slips off the metaphysis.
Sx:
- sudden increase in knee, thigh or groin pain.
- acute onset of limp
- occurs in non-active, overweight male teenagers.
- X-RAYS ARE DIAGNOSTIC
[image] |
|
|
Term
| most beneficial exercise to prevent osteoporosis. |
|
Definition
- regular, modest weightbearing exercise.
- such as walking and low-impact aerobics. |
|
|
Term
Plantar fasciitis
(define, most common in.., presentation) |
|
Definition
| - stress of achilles tendon where it attaches to the plantar fascia.
- most common: athletes, military personnel, obese
- presents: insidious burning heel, worse with weight bearing and prolonged periods of rest.
[image] |
|
|
Term
| how does a calcaneal fx occur? |
|
Definition
| axial loading the calcaneus after fall or injury |
|
|
Term
| Lisfranc joint complex (fx) |
|
Definition
| - tarsometatarsal medial articulation involving the first and second metatarsals with the medial (first) and middle (second) cuneiforms.
- fx is any 1st or 2nd metatarsal fx that disrupts this joint. [image] |
|
|
Term
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
(define and present) |
|
Definition
- entrapment of the posterior tibial nerve.
- presents with medial malleolus pain that may radiate.
- Pain worsens during sleep, walking or dorsiflexion.
- paraesthesia is usually present. |
|
|
Term
lateral epicondylitis
(describe and tx) |
|
Definition
"tennis elbow"
- Lateral epicondylitis is an overuse injury involving the extensor/supinator muscles that originate on the lateral epicondylar region of the distal humerus.
- lat. epicodyle point tenderness
- NSAIDs initially, then consider steroid inj. |
|
|
Term
osteomalacia
(define, first manifestatation and tx) |
|
Definition
- softening of the bones, caused by not having enough vitamin D, or by problems with the metabolism (breakdown and use) of this vitamin.
- bones have a normal amount of collagen but they are lacking in calcium.
- pelvic pain and tenderness
- Oral supplements of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus may be given depending on the underlying cause of the disorder.
- Larger doses of vitamin D and calcium may be needed for people with intestinal malabsorption. |
|
|
Term
| Define and present multiple myeloma |
|
Definition
- a progressive hematologic disease.
- cancer of the plasma cell that produces immunoglobulins (antibodies) to help fight infection and disease.
- characterized by excessive numbers of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow
- often characterized by diffuse osteoporosis, usually in the pelvis, spine, ribs, and skull.
- bone pain (often low back) and anemia are common
- pathological fx of femoral neck. |
|
|
Term
presentation of polymyalgia rheumatica
Tx? |
|
Definition
- abrupt bilat shoulder and hip pain
- can occur with temporal arteritis
- corticosteroids produce dramatic response. |
|
|
Term
| define polymyalgia rheumatica |
|
Definition
- syndrome characterized by severe aching and stiffness in the neck, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle.
- It is classified as a rheumatic disease, although the etiology is undetermined. |
|
|
Term
| granulomatous inflammation of the lungs - etiology unknown |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most important component in the prevention of acute lumbosacral strain recurrence. |
|
Definition
- Proper body mechanics
- aerobic endurance conditioning
- good posture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- analgesia (APAP or NSAID)
- gentle exercise |
|
|
Term
| When are steroids used for OA? |
|
Definition
- chronic dz not responding to conservative management.
- Then may use oral or intraarticular steroids. |
|
|
Term
| Name 2 meds used in the prevention of gout. |
|
Definition
| Allopurinol (xanthin oxidase inhibitor) and Probenecid |
|
|
Term
| mainstay of acute gout pain. |
|
Definition
NSAIDs, particularly indomethacine
Cholchicine is effective but has a high risk of GI toxicity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 24hrs - primary manifestation is gastrointestinal toxicity
- 1-3 dys - multi-organ involvement
- rhabdomyolysis,
- bone marrow suppression with pancytopenia
- and disseminated intravascular coagulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits renal tubular urate resorption; inhibits renal tubular penicillin secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits xanthine oxidase, interfering w/ conversion of hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid |
|
|
Term
| Alt. tx gout (esp. if unable to tolerate NSAIDs.) |
|
Definition
| prednisone (acute or refractory) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hand movements contributed to radial nerve |
|
Definition
- abducts thumb
- wrist extension |
|
|
Term
| hand movements contributed to median nerve |
|
Definition
| - flexion of the wrist
- thumb abduction
- palmar and thumb opposition[image] |
|
|
Term
| hand movements contributed to ulnar nerve |
|
Definition
- adducts the thumb at a right angle to the palm
- 5th digit finger opposition |
|
|
Term
| movements contributed to suprascapularis nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movements contributed to suprascapularis nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spodylolithesis is usually secondary to... |
|
Definition
spondylosis
(spondylosis, defect or separation of the pars articularis then allows spodylolithesis, ant. displacement of subsequent vertebra.) |
|
|
Term
| where is ankylosing spondylitis seen and in who? |
|
Definition
| lumbar and sacroiliac joints of adult males. |
|
|
Term
| joint pain worsened by activity, relieved by rest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| monoarticular pain with fever and leukocytosis. |
|
Definition
| infectious process (septic joint or septic arthritis) |
|
|
Term
| symmetric polyarthritis with nail pitting |
|
Definition
| psoriatic arthritis
[image] |
|
|
Term
malaise, weight loss, vague polyarticular pain and/or morning stiffness.
(Name the dz and x-ray findings.) |
|
Definition
- rheumatoid arthritis
- joint space narrowing, erosions, demineralization. |
|
|
Term
BONE
- lack of collagen is...
- lack of calcium (mineralization) is... |
|
Definition
- lack of collagen: Brittle Bone Disease
- lack of calcium: osteomalacia |
|
|
Term
de Quervain's tenosynovitis
(tendons involved and test for it) |
|
Definition
- inflammed abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons.
- Finkelstein's maneuver |
|
|
Term
| Varus and valgus stress tests check what? Be specific. |
|
Definition
- Varus stress tests lateral collateral ligament (leg/foot toward midline)
- Valgus stress tests medial collateral ligament (leg/foot away from midline) |
|
|
Term
| anterior cruciate ligament is damaged if ________ or _______ test is positive. |
|
Definition
Lachman's
anterior drawer test |
|
|
Term
| posterior cruciate ligament is damaged if ________ or _______ test is positive. |
|
Definition
| posterior drawer test
or
tibial drop back (pic)
[image] |
|
|
Term
| Deep posterior knee pain with squatting can also be indicative of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carpal tunnel syndrome is compression of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| foot pain, worse with weight bearing, no deformity, hx hiking |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
confirmation test for carpal tunnel
(full name) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what exacerbates osgood-schlatter's dz? |
|
Definition
| ascending and descending stairs |
|
|
Term
| hip or knee pain worsen with internal rotation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| knee instability and buckling |
|
Definition
| ligamentous injury or disorder. |
|
|
Term
16 yo, no hx trauma, patellar bursa tenderness.
X-ray: bilat fragmentation of tibial tubercle apophysis. |
|
Definition
| Osgood-Schlatter's (Inflammatory process of tibial tuberosity)[image] |
|
|
Term
| osteochondrosis of the tuberosity of the tibia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a disease of the growth or ossification centers in children that begins as a degeneration or necrosis followed by regeneration or recalcification. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- ice for 20 minutes every 2-4 hours.
- Analgesics NSAIDs
- Inform the patient to avoid pain-producing activities
- Use of a knee immobilizer for a few days may improve compliance
- quadriceps-stretching exercises, |
|
|
Term
| calcium pyrophosphate crystals found in large joints. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| red, painful great toe after night of binge eating and drinking. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fatigue, myalgias, arthritis, aphthous ulcers and rash, torso rash |
|
Definition
| (SLE) systemic lupus erythematous |
|
|
Term
diffuse thickening of the skin, telangiectasias and pigment changes.
(Name it and 3 systemic sx) |
|
Definition
- scleroderma
1. dysphagia
2. GI dysmotility
3. Pulm fibrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| permanent dilation of preexisting small blood vessels, creating focal red lesions, usually in the skin or mucous membranes. |
|
|
Term
which is better for preventing OA?
ideal body weight
or
Ca supplements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 12 hr post-op, long leg cast, suspect compartment syndrome. What do you do with the cast? |
|
Definition
Split it medially and laterally
(bivalve the cast) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- relatively uncommon inflammatory disease that causes significant muscle weakness.
- idiopathic inflammatory myopathy.
- thought that it is an autoimmune reaction or a viral infection of the skeletal muscle |
|
|
Term
| Demographic of polymyositis |
|
Definition
- commonly occurs in those between 50 and 70 years old, or in children between 5 and 15 years old.
- women twice as often as men.
- more common in African Americans than Caucasians. |
|
|
Term
| proximal muscle weakness, insidious onset, LE first, then UE. No systemic sx. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Demographic of polymyositis |
|
Definition
- commonly occurs in those between 50 and 70 years old, or in children between 5 and 15 years old.
- women twice as often as men.
- more common in African Americans than Caucasians. |
|
|
Term
Sjogren's syndrome
(define, sx, commonly affected, possible associated illnesses) |
|
Definition
- autoimmune disorder in which the glands that produce tears and saliva are destroyed.
- dry mouth, decreased tearing/dry eyes, parotid enlargment, difficulty swallowing, and other dry mucous membranes
- women age 40 to 50
- may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, polymyositis, and other diseases. |
|
|
Term
| extremity pain with insidious onset, fever, malaise and weight loss. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
polyarteritis nodosa
(define, possible cause, demographics,
CAUSE of sx) |
|
Definition
- Polyarteritis nodosa is a serious blood vessel disease in which small and medium-sized arteries become swollen and damaged.
- unknown cause
- certain immune cells attack the affected arteries.
- adults more than children
- symptoms result from damage to affected organs, often the skin, heart, kidneys, and nervous system. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Generalized symptoms include fever, fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Muscle and joint aches are common. The skin may show rashes, swelling, ulcers, and lumps. |
|
|
Term
| pain and stiffness of shoulder and pelvic girdle. May have fever, malaise, and weight loss. No weakness. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An ankle x-ray series is only required if there is any pain in malleolar zone and any of these findings:
- bone tenderness at posterior edge or tip of lateral or medial malleolus
- inability to bear weight both immediately and in the emergency department |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A foot x-ray series is only required if there is any pain in midfoot zone and any of these findings:
- bone tenderness at base of 5th metatarsal
OR
- bone tenderness at the navicular
OR
- inability to bear weight both immediately and in the emergency department |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RICE + progressive exercise against resistance.
(RICE = Rest, ice, compression, elevation.) |
|
|
Term
| when can full workouts be resumed after an ankle sprain? |
|
Definition
- ROM as tolerated and as pain subsides.
- When vigorous activity like hopping can be performed, back to full status. |
|
|
Term
drug proven to prevent bone loss in women receiving steroids.
(class and name two) |
|
Definition
Biphosphanates
- alendronate
- etidronate |
|
|
Term
| biphosphonate drugs end in.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA of raloxifene (trade name too) |
|
Definition
- estrogen receptor modulator: selectively binds to estrogen receptors, inhibiting bone resorption and turnover.
(Evista) |
|
|
Term
| Why do steroids promote bone loss that would require estrogen replacement? Why don't we replace the estrogen? |
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Definition
| Steroids exacerbate estrogen deficiencies. But, the doses of estrogen that would prevent bone loss is high and would have numerous side effects. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| inhibits osteoclast activity, reducing bone resorption and turnover (bisphosphonate) |
|
|
Term
| What is given with calcitonin? Why (MOA)? |
|
Definition
- Calcium and Vitamin D
- a hormone known to participate in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. In mammals, the major source of calcitonin is from the parafollicular or C cells in the thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
| What does a bulge sign (knee) indicate? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Lachman's (name that ligament!) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| laxity of knee with valgus stress (name that ligament!) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| laxity of knee with varus stress (name that ligament!) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| positive posterior drawer test (name that ligament!) |
|
Definition
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