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| consists of the bones, hoints and muscles. human needs this system for support to stand erect and for movement. Also protects the inner vital organs to produce RBCs in the bone marrow. |
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| the bones are united by fibrous tissue or cartilage and are immoveable (sutures in the skull) or slightly moveable such as the vertebrae. |
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| these are freely moveable because they have bones that are separated from eachother and are enclosed in a joint cavity. the cavity is filled with lubricant which allows sliding of opposing surfaces. |
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| this is avascular, it recieves nourishment form synovial fluid that circulates during joint movement. |
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| the joint is srrounded by a fibrous capsule and is supported by this. these are fibrous bands running from one bone to another that strengthen the joint |
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| this is an enclosed sac filled with viscous synovial fluid. |
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| these account for about 40-50% of the bodys weight, when they contract they produce movement. and consists of three types skeletal, smooth, cardiac |
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| these are composed of bundles of buscle fibers or fasciculi. they are voluntary (under conscious control) these muscles are attached to bone by a tendon |
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| bending of limb at a joint |
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| straightening a limb at a joint |
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| moving a limb away from the midline of the body |
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| moving a limb toward the midline of the body |
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| turining the forearem so that the palm is down |
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| turning the forearm so that they palm is up |
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| moving the sole of the food inward t the ankle |
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| moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle |
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| moving the body part forward and parallel to the ground |
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| moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground |
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Is the articulation of the mandible and the temporal bone, this permits jaw function for speaking and chewing.
three motions: hinge, gliding for protrusion and retraction and gliding from side to side |
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33 connecting bones stacked in a vertical column
C7-T1 are prominent at the base of the neck
T7-T8 inferior angle of the scapula normally is at the level of this interspace
L4 highest point on each iliac crest crosses here
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these are elastic fibrocartilaginous plates that constitute 1/4 of the length of the column
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| Shoulder- glenohumeral joint |
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Definition
| is the articulation of the humerus with the glenoid fossa of the scapula. ball and socket action allows great mobility of the arm on many axes. |
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Definition
| a group of four powerful muscles and tendons that support and stabilize shoulder |
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| helps during abduction of the arm, so that the greater tubercle of the humerus moves easily |
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| at the very top of the shoulder, the bump of the scapula |
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| this has 3 bony articulations of the humerous, radius, and ulna |
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| palpable landmarks of the elbow |
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Definition
| medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerous |
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| the body has how many bones |
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Definition
| 206 half are in the hands and feet |
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| this is thre radiocarpal joint, is the articulation of the radius on the thumb side and a row of carpa bones |
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| this is the articulation between two parallel rows of carpal bones. allow flexion, extensiona and some rotation |
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| metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal |
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Definition
| permit finger flexion and extention |
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| this is a large soft knob or goose egg and redness from inflammation on elbow |
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| this is the articulation between the acetabulum and the head of the fermur, ball and socket action permits a wide range of motion on many axes. but this has somewhat of less ROM but more stability. |
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| this is the articulation of three bones the femur, tibia and the patella. it is the largest joint in the body and is complex. |
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the tibiotalar joint is the articulation of the tibia, fibula and talus. it is a hinge joint limited to flexion and extension.
landmarks are two boney prominences on either side- medial malleolus and lateral malleolus |
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any problems with joints?
location, which side?
onset: when did it start?
timing: what time of day does the pain occur?
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Do your joint problems create any limits on your usual activies of daily living.
bathing- getting in and out ofthe tub
tolieting- urinating moving bowels able to get self toliet
self-care behaviors- any occupational hazards that could afect muscles or joints |
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preperation- screening muscloskeltal examination,
equipment needed: tape measure, goniomenter
order of the examination: inspection, palpation, ROM, uscle testing |
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Definition
| place the tips of your first two fingers in front of each ear and ask the person to open and clse the mouth, an audible and palpable snap or click occurs in many healthy people as mouth opens |
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inspect alignment of head and neck. palpate spinous processes and muscles. Motion and expecte range--chin to chest, lift chin, each ear to shoulder
shoulder- inspect joint, palpate shoulder and axilla, mation and expected range-- arms forward andup, arms behind back and hans up |
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for this test, ask the person to hold both hands back to bak while flexing the wrists 90 degrees. acute flexion of the writst for 60 seconds produces no symptoms in the nomal hand.
Produces numbness and buring in a person with carpal tunnel |
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this is the direct percussion of the location of the median nerve at the wrist produces no symptoms in the normal hand.
percussion ofthe median nerve produces burning and tingling which is a sign of carpal tunnel |
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| inspect the person stands, palpate with person supine, motion and expected ROM--raise leg, knee to chest, flex knee and hip, swing leg laterally, stand and swing leg back |
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| inspect join and muscles, paplate, bulge sign, ballottement ofpatella, motion--bend knee, extend knee check knee during abulation |
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| perform when a person has reported a history of trauma followed by locking, giving way, or local pain in the knee. hold the heel and flex the knee and hip. if you hear or feel a click tst is postive for a torn meniscus |
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| straight leg raising test |
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Definition
| thses maneuvers reproduce back and leg pain and help confirm the presence of a herniated nucleus puplosus. straight leg raising while keeping the knee extended normally produces no pain |
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Definition
| this is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease of joint and surrounding connective tissue. this disorder is symmetrical and bilateral and is characterized by heat, redness, swelling and painful motion of the affected joint. |
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Definition
| chronic progressive inflammation of spine, sacroliliac and larger joint of the extremites. a form of RA this affects primarily men. spasm of paraspinal muscles pulls spine into forward flexion |
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| noninflammatory, localized, involving deterioration of articular caritages and subchaondral bone and formation of new bone at joint surface. usually in older people, affected joints have stiffness, swelling with hard, bony protuberances pain with motion. |
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| decrease in skeletal bone mass occuring when rate of bone resorption is greater then that of bone formation. occurs in postmenopausal white women, risk also associated with smaller height and weight. |
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| look at page 644-651 for all the abnormalities of shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand, knee, foot, spine |
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