(wryneck) contraction of the cervical neck muscles, producing torsion of the neck

S shaped curvature of the thoracic spine

outward or convex curvature of the thoracic spine; hunchback

directed toward or located on the surface

inability to perform coordinated movements

moving a body part away from an axis or the median line

moving a body part toward the center or toward the median line

strong fibrous cord that attaches a skeletal muscle to a bone

turning the forearm so that the palm is down

moving the head around a central axis

lowering a body part

Articulation of the humerus with the glenoid fossa of the scapula. Ball and socket joint

Helps during the abduction of the arm, so that the greater tubercle of the humerus moves easily under the acromion process of the scapula

the articulation between the two parallel rows of carpal bones

inward or concave curvature of the lumbar spine

dry crackling sound or sensation due to grating of the ends of damaged bone

swelling from excess fluid in the joint capsule, best observed anteriorly.

Inflammation and swelling of subacromial bursa over the shoulder

Joint effusion or synovial thickening on either side of the olecranon process

atrophy occurs from the interference with motor function from compression of the median nerve inside the carpal tunnel.

immobility, consolidation, and fixation of a joint because of disease, injury or surgery; most often due to chronic rheumatoid arthritis

webbed fingers

Localized swelling on anterior knee between patella and skin

leg and foot muscle atrophy as a result of childhood polio

Hard, painless nodule over the metatarsophalangeal joint of first toe

Hypertrophy of the epithelium develops because of prolonged pressure.

A misnomer; the nail does not grow in, but the soft tissue grows over the nail

(bowlegged)

Talipes equinovarus

(clubfoot)

Incomplete closure of posterior part of vertebrae