Term
| Functions of the skeletal system |
|
Definition
Support
Protection
Movement
Mineral storage
Hematopoiesis |
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Term
| What are the functions of the skeleton? |
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Definition
| Support, Protection, Movement, Storage, and Hematopoiesis (Blood Formation) |
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Term
| Bone tissue comes in two types. Compact bone and Spongy bone. What is a compact bone and spongy bone? |
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Definition
| A compact bone is hard and dense. A spongy bone is composed of small bony plates. |
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Term
| Spongy bone contain marrow, what are the two forms? |
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Definition
| Yellow and red bone marrow |
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Term
| Red bone marrow is found in the ends of 1.__________, in the bodies of the 2._________ and in the 3.__________. |
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Definition
1.Long bones
2.Vertebrae
3.Flat Bones |
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Term
| Red bone marrow is responsible for manufacturing 1._____,2._____,and 3.______. This is called Hematopoisesis. |
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Definition
1.RBC's
2.WBC's
3.Platelets |
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Term
| Hard, fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers most of the outside of the bone. |
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Definition
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Term
| Periosteum also merges with 1._______ and 2._______ and contains 3.________ that supply oxygen and nutrients to the bone cells keeping them alive. |
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Definition
1. tendons
2. ligaments
3.blood vessels
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Term
| 1._______ shaft of the long bone, is hard and compact. |
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Definition
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Term
| 1.________ is spongelike and is covered by a shell of harder bone. Located at the end of the long bones. |
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Definition
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Term
| The points at which bones attach to each other are called 1.___________ or 2.____________. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Synarthroses
(i.e., bones in the skull) |
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Term
| Strong fibrous bands called __________ hold bones together. |
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Definition
Ligaments
Ligaments also support internal organs and other structures. |
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Term
| The skeleton has two divisions, what are those divisions? |
|
Definition
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton |
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Term
| What regions of the skeleton contain the axial skeleton? |
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Definition
Skull, hyoid, middle ear, vertebral column, and the thoracic (rib) cage, make up the axial skeleton.
For more info check pg 174
Table 18-3 Divisions of the adult skeletal system |
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Term
Spine Abnormality
Abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine.
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|
Definition
Scoliosis
It occures most commmonly during adolescence and is mroe frequently found in girls than in boys. |
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|
Term
Spine Abnormality
"Sway back," is an exaggeration of the normal lumbar spine curve in the small of the back. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Spine Abnormality
"Widow's hump" or "Humpback," may occure in aging and is more commen in women. |
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Definition
Kyphosis
Kyphosis is often caused by osteoporosis |
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Term
| These disks act as shock absorbers during walking, jump, or falling. |
|
Definition
Intervertebral disks
A "slipped" disk refers to an intervertebral disk that has shifted out of position.
A "ruptured" disk occures when pressure forces some less dense tissue sideways, causing a protrusions in the walls of the disk (like a squashed grape). |
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Term
| What regions of the skeleton are contained in the appendicular skeleton? |
|
Definition
upper and lower extremities (limbs) and the pelvic girdle.
The upper extremities include:
4 bones from the shoulder girdle
60 bones from the arms
The lower extremities include:
60 bones from the legs
The pelvic (hip) girdle has 2 bones |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bones lose calcium, thus body gets it from blood. Expect low serum calcium levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is composed of five parts; the human skull, the ossicles of the inner ear, the hyoid bone of the throat, the rib cage, and the vertebral column. |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue |
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Term
| know PQRST pain assessment |
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Definition
Provoking: What causes the pain?
Quality: What kind of pain (sharp, dull, etc)?
Region/Radiation: Where is it? Does it move?
Severity: How bad (1-10)?
Time: How long has it existed? How long does it last? |
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Term
| most common location of femural fracture |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| cells that are responsible for bone formation |
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Term
| Muscles involved in chewing |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
divided into six major regions:
1) Pectoral Girdles
2) Arm and Forearm
3) Hands
4) Pelvis
5) Thigh and leg
6) Feet |
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Term
|
Definition
joints allowing free motion
i.e., arm |
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Term
| minerals stored in the bones |
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Definition
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Term
| the most mobile type of joint in the human body. They allow you to swing your arms and legs in many different directions. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
joints allowing for limited motion
i.e., spine |
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Term
|
Definition
joints allowing little to no motion
i.e., skull |
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Term
| such as the joint at the base of your index finger, allow bending and extending, rocking from side to side, but rotation is limited. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is bone marrow is made of |
|
Definition
| hematopoietic tissue and fat cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| The osteon, or Haversian system, is the fundamental functional unit of much compact bone. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| occur between the surfaces of two flat bones that are held together by ligaments. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the skeleton support? |
|
Definition
| internal organs & tissues |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| protection of the spinal cord |
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Definition
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|
Term
| protection of the lungs and heart |
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Definition
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|
Term
| protection of digestive and reproductive organs |
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Definition
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Term
| Skeleton as used for movement |
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Definition
| skeletal muscles attached to bones allow for movement |
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Term
|
Definition
| calcium and phosphorus are stored in bones. Released if body is not supplied. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Red bone marrow makes platelets, RBCs and WBCs |
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Term
| site within bone for hematopoiesis |
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Definition
| spongy bone, found on the ends of long bones |
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Term
| Where is compact bone found? |
|
Definition
| in the shafts of long bones and outer surfaces of other bones |
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Term
| a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue |
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Definition
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|
Term
| cells that are responsible for bone formation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| hip and shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, arms, thighs, legs |
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Term
| Osteocytes surround large blood vessels. Area around filled with protein fibers, calcium & minerals. |
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Definition
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Term
| Each looks like a cylinder. Network of blood vessels provide blood supply. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bone tissue arranged in plates called trabeculae. Separated by irregular spaces |
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Definition
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Term
| Their structure lowers the overall weight of bones, and they contain bone marrow |
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Definition
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Term
| Enlarged ends of long bones |
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Definition
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Term
| layered structure of epiphysis |
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Definition
| thin layer of compact bone overlying spongy bone. Covered by Cartilage. |
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Term
| bands of hyaline cartilage located at the ends of long bones. Locus of bone growth |
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Definition
| epiphyseal disc or growth plate |
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Term
|
Definition
| bands of hyaline cartilage located at the ends of long bones. Locus of bone growth |
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Term
| part of the bone that provides strength |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Hollow center of diaphysis |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Hollow center of diaphysis |
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Term
| connective tissue lining the medullary cavity |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| connective tissue lining the medullary cavity |
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Term
| tough fibrous connective tissue membrane covering the outside of the diaphysis |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| tough fibrous connective tissue membrane covering the outside of the diaphysis |
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|
Term
| tough fibrous connective tissue membrane covering the outside of the diaphysis |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
- protection
- point of attachment for muscle
- contains blood vessels that nourish underlying bone. |
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Term
|
Definition
| outer surface of epiphysis. Forms smooth shiny surface. Reduces friction |
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Term
| outer surface of epiphysis. Forms smooth shiny surface. Reduces friction |
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Definition
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|
Term
| bones of the hand are examples of ___ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| these cells migrate to regions of flat bones |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| vertebrae are what kind of bones? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| bones of the skull are what type of bones? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Number of bones in the vertebral column |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Abnormal lateral curvature of the thoracic area |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic area - "hunchback" |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| exaggerated lumbar curvature - "swayback" |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
| supports arms - attachment of muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
| collar bone - stabilizes shoulder |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| concave portion of the scapula that articulates with the humerus |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concave portion of the scapula that articulates with the humerus |
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Term
| Bones of upper extremeties |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Components of the pelvic girdle |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Portion of femur most often broken in elderly |
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Definition
| greater and lesser trochanters (neck of femur) |
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Term
| muscle action that creates motion |
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Definition
| contraction and relaxation |
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Term
| vital functions performed by muscle contraction |
|
Definition
motion
maintenance of posture
heat production
helps blood flow back to heart |
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Term
|
Definition
| conscious control (ie, arms, legs) |
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Term
| involuntary muscle control |
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Definition
| responds to internal commands (ie, heart) |
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|
Term
| energy source for muscle contraction |
|
Definition
ATP - adenosine triphosphate
Calcium - muscle stimulation causes CA release, causing ATP, actin and myosin to react |
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Term
| What happens to calcium when a contracted muscle relaxes? |
|
Definition
| Calcium returns to sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
| needed to transmit message across a neuromuscular junction |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| connective tissue found in the joints between bones |
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Term
| connective tissue found in the joints between bones |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| circular muscle that opens and closes a tube/canal |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| shows that inflammatory process in the body. |
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Term
| uric acid= Male-2.1-8.1 Female |
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Definition
| check for gout or kidney failure,increase ETOH level, |
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Term
| like in your knee and elbow, enable movement similar to the opening and closing of a door. |
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Definition
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Term
| joint in your neck that allows you to turn your head from side to side. |
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Definition
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Term
| your thumbs. can rock back and forth and from side to side, but they have limited rotation. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| type of lumber decompession that exposes the spinal canal and allows for relief of compression of the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| test of electrical conductivity of the clients muscles. |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the bursa |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| invasive procedure using an endoscope designed to view joints. |
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Term
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Definition
| scleroderma of the distal extremeties and face. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| form of skeletal traction used for cervical fractures. |
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Term
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Definition
| necrosis of tissue due to insufficient or lack of blood supply. |
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Term
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Definition
| results from inadequate or obstructed blood flow to muscles,nerves and tissues. |
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Term
|
Definition
| metal pins or wires surgically inserted into client's bones so that traction is applied directly to them. |
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Term
|
Definition
| adult vitamin D defficiency which results in softening of the bones. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| narrowing of the intervertebral space. |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the tendon sheath. |
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Term
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Definition
| speciality in medicine that examines and treats disease and injuries of the musculoskeletal system. |
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Term
|
Definition
| excision of the synovial membrane. |
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Term
|
Definition
| scleroderma of the fingers and toes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| side-side or lateral angulation of the spinal column. |
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Term
|
Definition
| frragments of dead bones loosen |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| disease that results from a defieciency of vitamin d during childhood. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Magnetic resonance imagery is more expensive and invasive than biopsy,surgery,or the use of radioactive isotopes or dyes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| during a mylogram,a contrast medium or air is injected into the spinal subarachnoid space,followed by x-ray examination. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ultrasound uses sound waves and their echos to display images to evaluate soft tissue masses,osteomylities,infection,congenital and acquired pediatric disorders. |
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Term
|
Definition
| After an arthrosyntesis,the client will immiediately be able to ove the joint freely. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the nurse should apply ice and elevate the clients joint following arthroscopy. |
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Term
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Definition
| to hold a half-cast splint in place,the nurse uses long strips of adhesive tape. |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflatable splints are often used in emergency first aid to support th neck. |
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Term
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Definition
| A benefit of using splints is that they are light weight an do not need to be removed when x-rays are taken. |
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Term
|
Definition
| plaster casts remain wet for up to 3 or 4 days. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Synthetic casts are more lightweight but weaker than plaster casts. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Metastatic bone tumors originate in the bone and are usually slow growing. |
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Term
|
Definition
| one of the most significant signs of malignant bone tumor is pathologic fracture. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a strain is an injury to the ligaments around a joint causing the ligaments to stretch and tear. |
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Term
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Definition
| Traction applied through a weight attached to a spreader bar below the foot. |
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Term
|
Definition
| skin traction applied by means of a head halter. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Buck's traction with the addition of the leg supported by a sling. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Traction applied by belt or sling. |
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Term
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Definition
| traction that iserts skull tong device into the skull bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| skeletal traction with device drilled through shaft of a bone and attached to the traction apparatus. |
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Term
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Definition
| pain,pressure or itching sensations that occur in the area of the amputation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| may be needed to relieve internal presure for a patient with compartment syndrome. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An artificial device that replaces part or all of a missing extremety. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the reattachment of a completely severed body part back to the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| results from pressure to the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the condition in which bone mass is lost |
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Term
|
Definition
| is the condition in which bone mass is lost |
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Term
| Most types of arthritis are common in |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| a condition of an immovable joint. |
|
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Term
| people with gout may be placed in a diet low in |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
is a characteristic sign of systemic lupus erythematosus.
however a rash may appear over other body parts as well. |
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