Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Musculoskeletal Disease Summary
NMS Diagnosis
55
Health Care
Professional
04/16/2013

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
excessive growth hormone after the growth plates have closed; due to GH secreting pituitary adenoma,
Definition
Acromegaly:
Term
presents with large spatulate hands, lantern-shaped jaws, overhanging brows, increased hat size, headaches and visual problems;
Definition
Acromegaly:
Term
enlarged sella turcica on lateral skull x-ray, arrow-head appearance of the terminal phalanges and thickened heel pad >23 mm on lateral x-ray of the foot.
Definition
Acromegaly:
Term
Chronic inflammatory condition involving the sacroiliac joints and the axial skeleton marked by bone formation at ligament and tendon attachments, 90% are HLA B27 positive,
Definition
Ankylosing Spondylitis:
Term
presents with low backache > 3 months duration, better with exercise not with rest, limitation of lumbar spine movement in sagittal and coronal planes, bilateral sacroiliac tenderness and decreased chest expansion with inspiration,
Definition
Ankylosing Spondylitis:
Term
x-rays may show blurring of the SI joints, shiny corners, marginal syndesmophytes, dagger sign and bamboo spine; ESR and alkaline phosphatase may be elevated in the active phase.
Definition
Ankylosing Spondylitis:
Term
hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with peroneal muscle atrophy;
Definition
Charcot Marie Tooth disease:
Term
may present with wasted peroneal muscles, high arch and claw toes along with loss of touch in the feet and legs along with the hands and arms.
Definition
Charcot Marie Tooth disease:
Term
autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting muscle and the skin;
Definition
Dermatomyositis:
Term
presents with fatigue, heliotrope discoloration of the eyelids, muscle fatigue affecting proximally muscles groups initially;
Definition
Dermatomyositis:
Term
CK-MM and LDH will be elevated, ANA is positive.
Definition
Dermatomyositis:
Term
X-linked chromosomal abnormality with deficient dystrophin;
Definition
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy:
Term
presents with proximal muscle weakness, pseudohypertrophic calf muscles, +Gower’s sign,
Definition
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy:
Term
muscle biopsy is diagnostic.
Definition
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy:
Term
inherited connective tissue with defective collagen;
Definition
Ehlers-Danlos disease:
Term
presents with hypermobile joints, skin that easily stretches and is easily damaged, kyphoscoliosis.
Definition
Ehlers-Danlos disease:
Term
metabolic condition characterized by deposition of uric acid crystals in joints;
Definition
gout
Term
may present with sudden onset of severe joint pain and swelling in the big toe, tophi may be found in the skin or ear in chronic cases;
Definition
gout
Term
x-ray may show soft tissue swelling and then bony erosions with overhanging edges; finding negative birefringent needle crystals on examination of aspirated synovial fluid with polarized light is diagnostic.
Definition
gout
Term
infection of skin, nerves, muscles and joints caused by Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted by the deer tick Ixodes scapularis;
Definition
Lyme disease:
Term
presents with a flu-like illness with a bull’s eye rash [erythema migrans] in Stage 1; Bell’s palsy and peripheral neuropathy in Stage 2 and chronic arthritis and muscle pains in Stage 3;
Definition
Lyme disease:
Term
Lyme-ELISA is confirmatory.
Definition
Lyme disease:
Term
hereditary condition resulting in defective fibrillin production;
Definition
Marfan’s disease:
Term
presents with tall, thin body habitus, hypermobile joints, lens dislocation, aortic incompetence, mitral valve prolapsed, dissecting thoracic aorta
Definition
Marfan’s disease:
Term
progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, presents with pain in the weight-bearing joints: knee, hip and spine, morning stiffness lasting less than 1 hour, pain worsens with use and towards the end of the day;
Definition
Osteoarthritis:
Term
x-ray will show narrowing of the joint space, subchondral sclerosis, marginal osteophytes and subchondral cysts.
Definition
Osteoarthritis:
Term
bacterial infection of bones; commonly associated with IV drug use and Staph aureus;
Definition
Osteomyelitis:
Term
presents with fever, nearby joint is swollen, affected area is swollen, warm and red; CBC will show leukocytosis with elevated neutrophils;
Definition
Osteomyelitis:
Term
x-ray will show soft tissue swelling initially with Brodie’s abscess, involucrum and sequestrated bone later.
Definition
Osteomyelitis:
Term
chronic scaly skin disorder with genetic predisposition aggravated by stress and physical trauma;
Definition
Psoriasis:
Term
presents with plaques of silvery scales over the extensor aspects of the elbows, knees and sacrum, may also present with pains in the small joints;
Definition
Psoriasis:
Term
x-ray of affected hands cup and pencil deformities and sausage fingers, biopsy is diagnostic.
Definition
Psoriasis:
Term
autoimmune disease triggers by recent Strep. pyogenes infection affecting the heart, skin and joints;
Definition
Rheumatic fever:
Term
presents with eyethema marginatum, heart murmurs, migratory joint pains, subcutaneous nodules and Sydenham’s chorea;
Definition
Rheumatic fever:
Term
ASOT will be elevated, PR interval is prolonged and the ESR will be raised.
Definition
Rheumatic fever:
Term
chronic autoimmune disorder of joints seen more commonly in middle-aged females;
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis:
Term
presents with bilateral PIP, MCP and wrist pain with morning stiffness lasting more than 1 hour; Rheumatoid Factor is raised in 70% of patients, ESR is raised along with Anti-CCP,
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis:
Term
x-rays may show symmetrical bilateral intra-articular erosions, periarticular osteoporosis with ulnar deviation of the MCP joints.
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis:
Term
chronic systemic granulomatous disease of skin and reticulo-endothelial tissue seen more commonly in black females;
Definition
Sarcoidosis:
Term
presents with erythema nodosum, night sweats, fatigue and insidious shortness of breath with peripheral neuropathy and splenomegaly; leucopenia and hypercalcemia is present,
Definition
Sarcoidosis:
Term
x-ray of the chest will show bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy or diffuse reticular infiltrate of the lungs, biopsy will show the typical non-caseous granulomas.
Definition
Sarcoidosis:
Term
chronic autonomic connective tissue disorder characterized by fibrosis, more common in females;
Definition
Scleroderma:
Term
presents with thickened shin skin over the fingers, sensitivity to cold, joint pains with tendon crepitus, shortness of breath, fatigue and dysphagia; associated with CREST [calcinosis cutis, Reynaud’s phenomenon, Esophageal hypomotility, Sclerodactyly and Telangiectasia] syndrome.
Definition
Scleroderma:
Term
lateral curvature of the spine greater than 100; may be congenital [hemivertebra] or acquired [spinal tumors or poliomyelitis] or idiopathic [most common-80%];
Definition
Scoliosis:
Term
presents with lateral curvature of the thoracolumbar spine;
Definition
Scoliosis:
Term
x-ray of the spine will confirm the curvature, use Cobb’s method to determine the course of treatment and for future references to document any changes following treatment.
Definition
Scoliosis:
Term
acute non-gonococcal infection of one joint caused by bacterial infection often seen in IV drug use; Staph. aureus is most common;
Definition
Septic arthritis:
Term
presents with fever and severe acute joint pain with swelling and marked decrease in ROM;
Definition
Septic arthritis:
Term
leukocytosis and high neutrophils are present, diagnosis is confirmed by joint aspiration with the fluid showing numerous white blood cells and bacteria.
Definition
Septic arthritis:
Term
multisystem chronic autoimmune disease affecting connective tissue, seen more commonly in young female adults;
Definition
SLE:
Term
presents with multiple joint pains, butterfly rash and fatigue;
Definition
SLE:
Term
CBC may show a normocytic normochromic anemia with a leucopenia, ANA and anti-ds DNA antibodies will be present.
Definition
SLE:
Term
infection of the spine caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; presents with fatigue, gibbus or a psoas abscess; x-ray will show the destruction of the anterior part of the vertebral body and may show typical lesions in the apex of the lungs.
Definition
Tuberculosis of the spine:
Term
presents with low back pain; x-ray is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and to determine the degree of slippage using the Meyerding grading method.
Definition
Spondylolisthesis:
Term
may be congenital or acquired, may be related to stress fractures or degeneration in females over the age of 40 years and is more common in the 4th lumbar vertebra;
Definition
Spondylolisthesis:
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