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Musculoskeletal Development
Musculoskeletal Development
80
Health Care
Graduate
02/03/2013

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Cards

Term
Knee genu angles: birth
Definition
~17º genu varum
Term
Knee genu angles: 3 yo
Definition
0-12º genu valgum
Term
Knee genu angles: 3-6 yo
Definition
5-12º genu valgum
Term
Knee genu angles: 6+ yo
Definition
5-7º genu valgum
Term
Knee genu angles: adult
Definition
5-7º genu valgum
Term
Ankle DF angles: birth
Definition
70-80º
Term
Ankle DF angles: 1 yo
Definition
25-45º
Term
Ankle DF angles: 4 yo
Definition
20-60º
Term
Ankle DF angles: 5 yo
Definition
10-20º
Term
Ankle DF angles: adult
Definition
8-15º
Term
Ankle PF angles: birth
Definition
15-30º
Term
Ankle PF angles: 1 yo
Definition
45º
Term
Ankle PF angles: 5 yo
Definition
>45º (full)
Term
Foot angles: birth
Definition
neutral STJ = 10º varus; forefoot = 12-15º varus
Term
Foot angles: childhood
Definition
eversion ↓ ≤ 7 yo
Term
Foot angles: adult
Definition
STJ = 2-3º varus; forefoot = 0-2º varus
Term
Determinants of walking (5)
Definition
single limb stance, walking velocity, cadence, step length, ratio of pelvic span to ankle span
Term
Development of Gait: birth to 9m (3)
Definition
working on antigravity mvmt (essential for indep amb), flex contracture at hip, physiological varus at tibfem angle
Term
Development of Gait: 9-15m (7)
Definition
wide BOS; hip FABER; kinee flex/varus; full foot initial contact in PF, heel everted; short stride, ↑ cadence; relative foot drop in swing; high guard
Term
Progression of balance in gait
Definition
M/L >> A/P
Term
Beginning gait: postural alignments made by mvmt of …
Definition
entire body
Term
CoM of toddlers is closer to…
Definition
head/upper trunk
Term
Limiting factor of beginning gait (strength/balance)
Definition
extensor strength (not pattern-generating abilities)
Term
Kicking in early infancy is similar to:
Definition
initial patterns of gait
Term
Early Walking (12m): UE
Definition
high guard; no reciprocal arm swing
Term
Early Walking (12m): trunk
Definition
forward; lateral shift to advance
Term
Early Walking (12m): pelvis
Definition
ant tilt; hike to clear floor; excess rot to ↑ step length
Term
Early Walking (12m): hip
Definition
stance: excessive flex + some ER/abd
Term
Early Walking (12m): knee
Definition
stance: flex throughout
Term
Early Walking (12m): ankle
Definition
IC: no heel strike; Swing: PF; Step taken on diagonal to ↑ BOS
Term
Walking 18-24m: UE
Definition
high guard ↓ ; reciprocal arm swing begins; transport toy
Term
Walking 18-24m: hip
Definition
more ext in stance
Term
Walking 18-24m: knee
Definition
immature flex wave
Term
Walking 18-24m: ankle
Definition
immature heel strike begins
Term
Walking 18-24m: feet
Definition
narrower BOS
Term
Walking 18-24m: caence
Definition
↑ compared to adult gait
Term
Walking 18-24m: step length
Definition
↓ compared to adult gait
Term
Walking 18-24m: COM
Definition
moving inferiorly; >> ↑ stability
Term
________ is important for new balance & postural control strategies
Definition
walking experience (c/s shoes, differing environments, etc)
Term
Walking 18-24m: SLS
Definition
more developed; increased
Term
Walking 18-24m: co-contraction
Definition
↓ co-contraction of antagonists; smoothing out gait cycle
Term
Walking 2+ yo: pelvis
Definition
excess rotation still present
Term
Walking 2+ yo: knee
Definition
full ext in stance is immature; stance knee flex remains until 3 yo
Term
Walking 3 yo: ankle
Definition
heel-toe begins
Term
Walking 3-5 yo: major characteristics (6)
Definition
genu valgum; ↓ femoral anteversion; COM near lumbar spine; ↓ heel eversion; heel strike consistent, c knee flex of opposite LE; reciprocal arm swing
Term
Walking 6-7 yo (4)
Definition
stability by 4-6yo; fully mature by 7 yo; heel position neutral; COM = L3 (sacral as adults)
Term
Musculoskeletal development occurs during...
Definition
the embryonic period (2-8 wk post conception)
Term
Ectoderm >>
Definition
skin, nervous system
Term
Mesoderm >>
Definition
connective tissue, muscle
Term
Endoderm >>
Definition
hollow organs
Term
______ >> limb buds >> _____
Definition
mesenchymal cells >> limb buds >> cartilage (wk 3-4)
Term
jt formation occurs during...
Definition
week 6-8 (completes in early childhood)
Term
Cartilaginous skeleton completed by... [time]
Definition
3 months
Term
Primary ossification (location, timeframe)
Definition
centers of diaphyses of long bones
week 8 - third trimester
Term
Secondary ossification (location, timeframe)
Definition
epiphyses of long bones,
perinatally through 20 yo
Term
Epiphyseal growth >>
Definition
lengthening
Term
Appositional growth >>
Definition
thickening/incr density
Term
Longitudinal growth occurs until age...
Definition
age 20
Term
Examples of appositional growth
Definition
greater trochanter,
tibial tuberosity
(sites of mm force, compressive force)
Term
Spinal extension developed by month #...
Definition
month 5
Term
Spinal lordosis developed by month #...
Definition
month 7
Term
Forms of scoliosis (2)
Definition
idiopathic,
neurological
Term
Scoliosis named for the...
Definition
CONVEXITY
Term
Depth of acetabulum increases until age...
Definition
8 yo
Term
____ results in formation of hip joint
Definition
compressive forces of femoral head (esp in FABER positioning)
Term
Maximum congruity of hip jt =
Definition
hip flex
Term
Angle of hip inclination (birth, adult, atypical)
Definition
birth = 145º (valga)
adult = 125º (normal)
atypical = <125º (vara)
Term
Femoral version = angular difference between ...
Definition
transcondylar axis of knee &
axis of femoral neck
Term
Normal degree of femoral version =
Definition
5-16º anteversion
Term
Excessive femoral anteversion >>
Definition
intoeing
Term
Excessive femoral retroversion >>
Definition
out-toeing
Term
Positioning for pediatric assessment of hip rotation
Definition
prone
Term
IR v ER in infants
Definition
IR > ER
Term
IR v ER in adults
Definition
ER > IR
Term
IR v ER in children
Definition
IR = ER
Term
Positioning for pediatric assessment of hip version
Definition
assess with gait
Term
Hip flexion values (birth, 1 yo, 5 yo)
Definition
birth: 30-50º
1 yo: 10-20º
5 yo: 0º
Term
Knee alignment (birth, 1-2 yo)
Definition
birth: 20-30º flex
1-2 yo: 0º
Term
Pediatric "90-90"
Definition
popliteal angle
Term
Tibiofemoral angle =
Definition
genu angle
(genu valgum = knock-kneed; genu varum = bow-legged)
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