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musculo skeletal
musculo skelatal
199
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
02/02/2009

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Cards

Term
bone
Definition
framework around which body is constructed and which protects and supports internal organs
Term
joints
Definition
places at which bones come together
Term
muscles
Definition
tissue which is attached to the bones or internal organs or blood vessels and which is responsible for movement
Term
Orthopedist
Definition
and MD who treats bones and bone diseases
Term
Rheumatologist
Definition
an MD who specializes in the treatment of joint diseases
Term
osseous tissue
Definition
term for bone tissue
Term
osteocytes
Definition
term for bone cells
Term
ossification
Definition
process of bone formation
Term
osteoblasts
Definition
immature bone cells
Term
diaphysis
Definition
shaft, or middle region, of long bones
Term
epiphysis
Definition
end region of long bones
Term
periosteum
Definition
outer covering or outer membrane of long bones
Term
medullary cavity
Definition
central hollow space within long bones
Term
fossa
Definition
shallow cavity in or on a bone
Term
foramen
Definition
opening for blood vessels or nerves
Term
fissure
Definition
deep, narrow slit-like openings
Term
sinus
Definition
hollow cavity within a bone
Term
Cranium
Definition
skull
Term
suture
Definition
joint in the skull or cranium
Term
fontanelles
Definition
soft spots on a baby's skull
Term
maxillary bones (maxilla or maxillae)
Definition
upper jawbones
Term
mandibular bones (mandible)
Definition
lower jaw
Term
sinus
Definition
air cavities within bone of the skull
Term
vertebral column
Definition
spinal column, backbone
Term
cervical
Definition
in the neck area (spine- vertebral)
Term
thoracic (thorax)
Definition
in the chest area (spine- vertebral)
Term
lumbar
Definition
in the lower back (spine- vertebral)
Term
sacral
Definition
vetebral area to which the pelvis bones attach
Term
coccyx
Definition
tail bone-- lowest part of vertebral column
Term
clavicle
Definition
collarbone
Term
scapula
Definition
shoulder blade
Term
sternum
Definition
breastbone
Term
humerous
Definition
upper arm bone
Term
ulna
Definition
medial lower arm bone (forearm bone on little finger side)
Term
radius lateral lower arm bone
Definition
forearm bone on the side of the thumb
Term
carpals
Definition
wrist bones
Term
metacarpals
Definition
bones of the palm of the hand
Term
phalanges (sing: phalanx)
Definition
bones of the fingers or toes
Term
femur
Definition
thigh bone
Term
patella
Definition
knee cap
Term
tibia
Definition
shin bone
Term
fibula
Definition
smaller of the two lower leg bones
Term
tarsals
Definition
ankle bone
Term
calcaneus
Definition
heel bone
Term
metatarsals
Definition
bones of the midfoot
Term
diaphysis
Definition
the shaft of a long bone
Term
epiphysis
Definition
the end of a long bone
Term
fontanelle
Definition
soft spot on baby's head
Term
foramen
Definition
a natural opening or perforation through a bone or membranous structure
Term
medullary cavity
Definition

the marrow cavity on the shaft of a long bone

Term
ossification
Definition

the developmental process of bone formation

Term
osteoblast
Definition
a cell from which bone develops
Term
osteoclast
Definition
bone cell that absorbs bone allowing for the deposition of new bone
Term
periosteum
Definition

dense fibrous membrane covering bone, serves as an attachment for muscles and tendons

Term
suture
Definition
the line of juncture of two bones, esp in skull
Term
vertebrae
Definition
bones of spinal column
Term
-tonia
Definition

tone or tension (muscle tone)

(suffix)

Term
-poiesis
Definition
production or formation of (suffix)
Term
-syndesis
Definition

binding together

 (suffix)

Term
coccygo (combining)
Definition
coccyx (ex: coccygeal)
Term
-clasis
Definition
surgical fracture
Term
-sarcoma
Definition

malignant tumor of connective tissue

(suffix)

Term
epiphysio; epiphyseo (combining)
Definition

epiphysis (pl:epiphyses)

The end of a long bone

Term

diaphysio; diaphyseo

(combining)

Definition

diaphysis

(combining)

Term
peristeo (combining)
Definition

periosteum (dense membrane over bones)

(combining?)

Term
periosteo (combining)
Definition

periosteum

(combining ?)

Term
joint
Definition
the coming togethrof two or more bones
Term
synovial joints
Definition
freely movable joints
Term
ligaments
Definition

connective tissue that anchors bone to bone

Term
synovial membrane
Definition
membrane that lines the synovial joints
Term
striated (also known as skeletal) muscle
Definition
muscle that moves bones
Term
smooth (also known as visceral) muscle
Definition
muscle found in the internal organs
Term
smooth (also known as visceral) muscle
Definition
muscle found in the internal organs
Term
smooth (also known as visceral) muscle
Definition
muscle found in the internal organs
Term
fascia
Definition
connective tissue that anchors skin to underlying tissue and surrounds muscle groups
Term
electro-
Definition

electrical activity

(prefix)

Term
-plasia
Definition

tissue formation

(suffix)

Term

calc/o, calci/o

(combining)

Definition

calcium

(combining)

Term
kyph/o (combining) kyphosis
Definition

hunchback, humpback

(combining form)

Term
lord/o (combining) (lordosis)
Definition
curve, swayback
Term
lumb/o (combining) [lumbar]
Definition
loins, lower back
Term
myel/o
Definition
Term
myel/o (combining)
Definition

bone marrow

(combining)

Term
orth/o (combining) [orthopedics]
Definition

straight

(combining)

Term
oste/o (combining)
Definition

bone

(combining form)

Term
scoli/o (combining) [scoliosis]
Definition
crooked, bent, lateral curvature
Term
spondyl/o (combining) [spondylosis] [used to make words about the condition of]
Definition
vertebra, degeneration of intervertebral discs
Term
vertebr/o (combining)
Definition

vertebral

(combining)

Term
-blast
Definition

embryonic or immature cell

(suffix)

Term
-clast
Definition

cell destroying

(suffix)

Term
-lithesis [spondylolithesis- the forward slipping of a vertebra over a lower vertebra]
Definition

slipping

(suffix)

Term
-malacia [osteomalacia = rickets, decalcification of bones]
Definition
softening
(suffix)
Term
-tome
Definition
instrument to cut
Term
calcane/o (combining)
Definition

calcaneus = heel

(combining)

Term
carp/o
Definition
carpals = wrist bones
Term
clavicul/o (combining)
Definition

clavicle = collar bone

(combining)

Term
cost/o (combining)
Definition
ribs (chondrocostal = cartilage that is attached to ribs)
Term
crani/o (combining)
Definition

cranium = skull

(combining)

Term
femor/o (combining)
Definition

femur = thigh bone

(combining form = ?)

Term
fibul/o (combining)
Definition
fibular= smaller lower leg bone
Term
humer/o (combining)
Definition
humerus = upper arm bone
Term
mandibul/o (combining)
Definition

mandible = lower jar bone

(combining) 

Term
maxill/o (combining)
Definition

maxilla = upper jaw bone

(combining)

Term
metacarp/o (combining)
Definition

metacarpals =hand bones

(combining form = ?)

Term
metatars/o (combining)
Definition

metatarsals = foot bones

(combining)

Term
patell/o (combining)
Definition
patella = knee cap
Term
phalang/o (combining)
Definition

phalanges = finger or toe bones

(combining)

Term
radi/o (combining)
Definition

radius = lower arm bone, thumb side

(combining form = ?)

Term
scapul/o (combining)
Definition

scapular = shoulder blade

(combining)

Term
stern/o (combining)
Definition

sternum = breast bone

(combining form=?)

Term
tars/o (combining)
Definition

tarsals = bones of the hind foot

(combining)

Term
tibi/o (combining)
Definition
tibia = shin bone
Term
uln/o (combining)
Definition

ulna = lower arm bone, little finger side

(combining)

Term
Ewing sarcoma
Definition
malignant bone tumor
Term
exostosis
Definition

bony growth arising from the surface of bone

Term
fracture
Definition
traumatic breaking of a bone
Term
closed fracture
Definition
inside skin
Term
open (compound) fracture
Definition

fracture where bone protrudes outside of skin

Term
crepitus
Definition

cracking sound produced when ends of bone rub against each other or against roughened cartilage

Term
Colles fracture
Definition

fracture near the wrist joint at the lower end of radius

Term
comminuted fracture
Definition
fracture where bone is splintered or crushed in several pieces (cf, simple fracture)
Term
compression fracture
Definition

fracture where bone is compressed,often occurs in vertebrae

Term
Greenstick fracture
Definition

fracture with partially broken bone on one side only, bends on other, occurs in children

Term
impacted fracture
Definition

fracture where one fragment is driven firmly into other

Term
reduction
Definition
restoration of bone to normal position
Term
closed reduction
Definition
manipulative reduction without surgical incision
Term
Potts fracture
Definition
a fractured ankle
Term
osteogenic sarcoma
Definition

malignant tumor arising from bone

Term
osteomyelitis
Definition

inflamation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

Term
osteoporosis
Definition
decrease in bone density
Term
talipes
Definition

congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (clubfoot)

Term
osteoarthritis (OA)
Definition
progressive degenerative joint disease - loss of articular cartridge and hypertrophy (formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs) at articular surfaces
Term
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Definition

chronic disease in which joints become inflamed and painful-- probably autoimmune reaction against joint tissues

Term
ankylosis
Definition
an abnormal fixation and immobility of a joint
Term
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Definition

compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist

Term
arthroplasty
Definition

replacement of one or both bone ends by a prothesis

Term
hemathrosis
Definition
blood in the joint
Term
hydrarthrosis
Definition

an accumulation of watery fluid in the cavity of a joint

Term
chondroma
Definition
benign tumor of cartilage
Term
arthr/o
Definition

joint

(combining)

Term
chrondr/o (combining)
Definition

cartilage

(combining) 

Term
ligament/o (combining)
Definition
ligament
Term
synovo (combining) synovio
Definition

synovial membrane

(combining)

Term
synovitis
Definition
Inflammation of a synovial membrane
Term
tenorrhaphy
Definition
suture of a tendon
Term
-desis
Definition
to bind, tie together (suffix)
Term
-stenosis
Definition

narrowing

 (suffix)

Term
ankylosing spondylitis
Definition

chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine.

Term
gouty arthritis
Definition

inflamation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body

Term
dislocation
Definition
displacement of a bone from its joint
Term
ganglion
Definition

a fluid-filled cyst arising from the joint capsule or tendon in the wrist

Term
herniation of an intervertebral disk (disc)
Definition
abnormal protrusion of a fibrocartilaginous intervertebral disk into the neural canal or spinal nerves
Term
sprain
Definition

trauma to a joint with pain, swelling and injury to ligaments

Term
strain
Definition
overstretching of a muscle
Term
flexion
Definition

muscle action decreasing the angle between two bones, bending a limb

Term
extension
Definition

muscle action increasing the action between two bones, straightening out a limb

Term
abduction
Definition
muscle action - movement away from midline of body
Term
adduction
Definition

muscle action - movement toward the midline of the body

Term
rotation
Definition

muscular action - circular movement around an axis

Term
dorsiflexion
Definition

muscle action - decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot bends backward (upward)

Term
plantar flexion
Definition
muscle action - motion that extends the foot downward towards the ground as when pointing the toes (plant/o means the sole of the foot)
Term
supination
Definition

muscle action - as applied to the hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm forward or up

Term
pronation
Definition

muscle action - as applied to the hand or forearm, the act of turning the palm backward or down

Term
fasci/o (combining)
Definition
(forms sheaths enveloping muscles)
Term
fibr/o (combining)
Definition

fibrous connective tissue

(combining)

Term
fibromyalgia
Definition
chronic pain and stiffness in muscles, joints and fibrous tissues, especially of the back, shoulders, neck, hips, and knees; chronic fatigue
Term
leiomy/o (combining)
Definition

smooth, (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs

(combining)

Term
leiomyoma
Definition

a benign tumor derived from smooth muscle, most often of the uterus

Term
my/o (combining)
Definition
muscle
Term
myalgia
Definition

Muscular pain or tenderness, especially when diffuse and nonspecific. Also called myodynia

Term
myocardi/o (combining)
Definition
heart muscle
Term
myos/o (combining)
Definition

muscle

(combining)

Term
myositus
Definition

disease in which the muscle fibers and skin are inflamed and damaged, resulting in muscle weakness.

Term
plant/o (combining)
Definition

sole of the foot

(combining)

Term
rhabdomy/o (combining)
Definition

skelatal (striated) muscle connected to bones

Term
-asthenia
Definition

lack of strength

(suffix) 

Term
-trophy
Definition
development, nourishment (suffix)
Term
atrophy
Definition
decrease in size of an organ or tissue
Term
hypertrophy
Definition
increase in size of an organ or tissue
Term
ab-
Definition
away from (prefix)
Term
ad-
Definition
toward (prefix)
Term
dorsi- [dorsiflexion]
Definition
toward (prefix)
Term
poly-
Definition
many, more (prefix)
Term
polymyositis
Definition

chronic inflammatory myopathy - condition marked by symmetrical muscle weakness and pain,often accompanied by rash around eyes and on face an limbs- probably an autoimmune disorder

Term
anterior (ventral)
Definition
front surface of body (forehead is on this side)
Term
posterior (dorsal)
Definition
the back side of the body
Term
deep
Definition
away from the surface
Term
superficial
Definition
on the surface
Term
proximal
Definition

near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

Term
distal
Definition

far away from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

Term
inferior
Definition
below another structure-
Term
superior
Definition
above another structure
Term
medial
Definition
pertaining to the middle or nearer the medial plane of the body
Term
lateral
Definition
pertaining to the side
Term
supine
Definition
lying on the back
Term
prone
Definition
lying on the belly
Term
frontal (coronal) plane of body
Definition

vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

Term
sagittal (lateral) plane of the body
Definition

lengthwise vertical plane of the body dividing the body or structure into into right and left sides

Term
transverse plane
Definition

cross section or axial plane parallel to the ground, divides the body or structure into upper and lower portions

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