Term
|
Definition
| sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports and separates muscles |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - myofascial |
|
Definition
| pertaining to muscles tissue and fascia |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - tendons |
|
Definition
| narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
|
|
Term
| difference between tendons and ligaments |
|
Definition
| "tendons attach bone to muscle |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - aponeurosis |
|
Definition
| flat fibrous sheet of connective tissue, connects muscle to muscle or muscle to bone |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Types of Muscle Tissue - how many and what are they? |
|
Definition
| Three, skeletal, smooth and myocardial |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Types of Muscle Tissue - skeletal (four) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Types of Muscle Tissue - smooth muscles (four) |
|
Definition
| located in the walls of internal organs |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Types of Muscle Tissue - myocardial muscle |
|
Definition
| known as the cardiac muscle |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Characteristics of Muscles - kinesiology |
|
Definition
| study of muscle action and resultant movement |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Characteristics of Muscles - antagonistic muscle pairs |
|
Definition
| muscles are arranged in opposite pairs, one moves one way, the other the opposite |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Characteristics of Muscles - contraction |
|
Definition
| tightening of a muscle, becomes shorter and thicker, the belly or center enlarges |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Characteristics of Muscles - relaxation |
|
Definition
| the muscle returns to its original shape |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Characteristics of Muscles - muscle tone |
|
Definition
| also known as tonus; the balanced state between contraction and relaxation |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Characteristics of Muscles - muscle innervation |
|
Definition
| stimulus of a muscle by a motor nerve |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Characteristics of Muscles - neuromuscular |
|
Definition
| pertaining to the relationship between muscle and nerve |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - |
|
Definition
| the change in joint position produced by muscle movements |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - abduction |
|
Definition
| the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - adduction |
|
Definition
| the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - abductor |
|
Definition
| the muscle that moves the limb away from the midline of the body |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - adductor |
|
Definition
| the muscle that moves the limb toward the midline of the body |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - flexion |
|
Definition
| the act of bending at a joint to bring nearer together two bones |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - flexor |
|
Definition
| a muscle that bends a limb at a joint |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - extension |
|
Definition
| increasing the angle at a joint or straightening a limb |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - extensor |
|
Definition
| a muscle that straightens a limb at a joint |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - hyperextension |
|
Definition
| the extreme or overextension of a limb or body part past its normal limit |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - elevation |
|
Definition
| the act of raising a limb or body part |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - lavator |
|
Definition
| the muscle that raises a body part |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - lavator angull oris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - depression |
|
Definition
| act of lowering a body part |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - depressor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - depressor angull oris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - rotation |
|
Definition
| the circular motion around an axis |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - rotator muscle |
|
Definition
| turns a body part on its axis |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - rotator cuff |
|
Definition
| the group of muscles that hold the head of the humorous in place as it rotates within the shoulder joint |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - circumduction |
|
Definition
| the circular movement of a limb at the far end |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - supination |
|
Definition
| the act of rotating the hand or foot so that it is turned upward and outward |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - pronation |
|
Definition
| the act of turning the hand or the foot so that it is turned downward and backward |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - dorsiflexion |
|
Definition
| the act of bending the ankle so that the toes are pointing up |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - Range of Motion - plantar flexion |
|
Definition
| the act of pointing the toes (and thus the ankle) downward |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - How Muscles are Named - origin and insertion |
|
Definition
| some muscle names are created by joining the name of place of origin with the name of the place of insertion |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - How Muscles are Named - muscle origin |
|
Definition
| nearest the midline of the body, where the muscle originates |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - How Muscles are Named - muscle insertion |
|
Definition
| Farthest from the midline of the body, where the muscle ends and is the more movable attachment |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - How Muscles are Named - muscles named for their action |
|
Definition
| such as flexing or extending |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - How Muscles are Named - muscles named for their location |
|
Definition
| some muscles are named for their location in the body or the organ they are near |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - How Muscles are Named - named for fiber direction - rectus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - How Muscles are Named - named for fiber direction - oblique |
|
Definition
| oblique means at an angle or slanted |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - How Muscles are Named - named for fiber direction - transverse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - How Muscles are Named - named for fiber direction - sphincter |
|
Definition
| ring-like muscle that closes an opening |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - How Muscles are Named - named for their number of divisions - biceps |
|
Definition
| biceps brachii, formed by two divisions |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - How Muscles are Named - named for their number of divisions - triceps |
|
Definition
| three divisions, triceps brachii |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - How Muscles are Named - named for their number of divisions - quadriceps |
|
Definition
| four divisions, quadriceps femoris |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - How Muscles are Named - muscles named for their size |
|
Definition
| some muscles are named because they are big or small |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - How Muscles are Named - muscles named for their size - gluteus maxiumus |
|
Definition
| largest muscle of the buttock |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - How Muscles are Named - named for their shape - |
|
Definition
| shaped like a familiar object |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - How Muscles are Named - muscles named for their shape - deltoid |
|
Definition
| forms the muscular shoulder cap, is shaped like the Greek letter Delta (triangle) |
|
|
Term
| Medical Specialties Related to the Muscular System - orthopedic surgeon |
|
Definition
| treats injuries and disorders related to the muscles, bones, joints, and tendons |
|
|
Term
| Medical Specialties Related to the Muscular System - physiatrist |
|
Definition
| specializes in restoring function through rehabilitation and medicine |
|
|
Term
| Medical Specialties Related to the Muscular System - sports medicine physician |
|
Definition
| treats sports-related injuries of the bones, joints and muscles |
|
|
Term
| Medical Specialties Related to the Muscular System - specialist treating smooth muscle disorders |
|
Definition
| the specialist who treats a body system also treats any smooth muscles within that body system |
|
|
Term
| Medical Specialties Related to the Muscular System - cardiologist |
|
Definition
| specialist treating myocardial muscle disorders |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - fasciitis or fascitis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the fascia |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - tenodynia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - tendonitis, tenonitis, tenontitis, tendinitis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the tendons |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - adhesion |
|
Definition
| a band of fibrous muscle tissue that holds structures together abnormally |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - attropy |
|
Definition
| weakness or wearing away of muscle tissue |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - myalgia |
|
Definition
| muscle tenderness or pain |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - myolysis |
|
Definition
| degeneration of muscle tissue |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - myomalacia |
|
Definition
| the abnormal softening of muscle tissue |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - myosclerosis |
|
Definition
| the abnormal hardening of muscle tissue |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - myositis |
|
Definition
| the inflammation of a skeletal, or voluntary, muscle |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - polymyositis |
|
Definition
| the inflammation of several skeletal muscles at the same time |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - sarcopenia |
|
Definition
| age-related muscle density loss |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - hernias |
|
Definition
| the protrusion of a part or structure through the tissue normally containing it |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - myocele |
|
Definition
| the protrusion of a muscle through its ruptured sheath or fascia |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Muscle Tone - atonic |
|
Definition
| lacking normal strength or tone |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Muscle Tone - dystonia |
|
Definition
| a condition of abnormal muscle tone |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Muscle Tone - hypertonia |
|
Definition
| excessive skeletal muscle tone |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Muscle Tone - hypotonia |
|
Definition
| diminished skeletal muscle tone |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Muscle Tone - myotonia |
|
Definition
| delayed relaxation of a muscle after a strong contraction |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Voluntary Muscle Movement - ataxia |
|
Definition
| the inability to coordinate muscle activity during voluntary muscle movement |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Voluntary Muscle Movement - dystaxia |
|
Definition
| the partial ability to coordinate muscle activity during voluntary muscle movement |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Voluntary Muscle Movement - contracture |
|
Definition
| the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, ligaments and tendons due to scarring or inactivity due to immobilization or lack of use |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Voluntary Muscle Movement - intermittent claudication |
|
Definition
| pain in leg muscles during exercise which is relieved with rest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Voluntary Muscle Movement - spasm |
|
Definition
| a sudden, violent and involuntary contracture of one or more muscles |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Voluntary Muscle Movement - cramp |
|
Definition
| localized muscle spasm named for its cause (writer's cramp) |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Voluntary Muscle Movement - spasmodic torticollis |
|
Definition
| also known as wryneck, a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of neck muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Torticollis is a form of dystonia (prolonged muscle contractions) in which the neck muscles, particularly the sternocleidomastoid muscle, contract involuntarily causing the head to turn. Torticollis may occur without known cause (idiopathic), be genetic (inherited), or be acquired secondary to damage to the nervous system or muscles. |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Muscle Function - bradykinesia |
|
Definition
| extreme slowness of movement |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Muscle Function - dyskinesia |
|
Definition
| the distortion or impairment of voluntary movement as in a facial tic |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Muscle Function - hyperkinesia |
|
Definition
| abnormally increased motor function or activity |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Muscle Function - hypokinesia |
|
Definition
| abnormally decreased motor function or activity |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - myoclonus |
|
Definition
| spasm or twitching of a muscle or muscle group |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - nocturnal myoclonus |
|
Definition
| normal jerking of limbs while falling asleep |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - singultus, also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - muscular dystrophy |
|
Definition
| inherited muscle disorders which cause muscle weakness without affecting the nervous system |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Duchenne's muscular dystrophy |
|
Definition
| affects only males, appears between two and six years old, die in 20's |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Becker's muscular dystrophy |
|
Definition
| affects only males, less severe form, appears in early adolescence, survival into mid to late adulthood |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - myasthenia gravis |
|
Definition
| chronic autoimmune disease which affects the neuro-muscular junction causing severe weakness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Fibromyalgia syndrome |
|
Definition
| chronic, often disabling, condition of unknown cause characterized by pain and uncontrollable fatique |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Repetitive Motion Disorders - overuse injuries - overuse tendinitis or tendinosis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of a joint |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System/Skeletal System - Repetitive Motion Disorders - stress fracture |
|
Definition
| a small crack in a bone which is caused by overuse or impact |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System/Skeletal System - Repetitive Motion Disorders - stress fracture |
|
Definition
| a small crack in a bone which is caused by overuse or impact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment to help reduce repetitive motion disorders |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Repetitive Motion Disorders - myofascial damage |
|
Definition
| overworking the muscles; results in tenderness and swelling |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Repetitive Motion Disorders - rotator cuff injuries - rotator cuff tendinitis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Repetitive Motion Disorders - rotator cuff injuries - impingement syndrome |
|
Definition
| inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Repetitive Motion Disorders - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
|
Definition
| when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused, they become swollen and inflamed |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Repetitive Motion Disorders - carpal tunnel release |
|
Definition
| the surgical enlargement of the carpal tunnel to relieve CTS |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Repetitive Motion Disorders - ganglion cyst |
|
Definition
harmless fluid filled sac on the outer surface of the wrist, caused by repetitive minor injuries,
|
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Repetitive Motion Disorders - epicondylitis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Repetitive Motion Disorders - lateral epicondylitis |
|
Definition
| "pain on the outer side of the forearm |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Repetitive Motion Disorders - medial epicondylitis |
|
Definition
| "pain on the palm side of the elbow |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Repetitive Motion Disorders - plantar fasciitis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the plantar fascia which causes pain when walking or running |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Repetitive Motion Disorders - heel spurs |
|
Definition
| hardened deposits in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel, usually as a result of repetitive stresses or inflammation of the plantar fascia |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Sports Injuries - sprain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Sports Injuries - strain |
|
Definition
| an injury to the body of the muscle or the attachment of a tendon |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Sports Injuries - shin splint |
|
Definition
| a painful condition caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia, or shinbone |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Sports Injuries - hamstring injury |
|
Definition
| a strain or tear of any of the hamstring muscles |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Sports Injuries - Achilles tendinitis |
|
Definition
| a painful inflammation of the Achilles tendon |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - Paralysis |
|
Definition
| the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements through disease or injury to the nerve supply |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - myoparesis |
|
Definition
| weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - hemiparesis |
|
Definition
| slight paralysis of one side of the body |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - hemiplegia |
|
Definition
| the complete paralysis of one side of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - cardioplegia |
|
Definition
| paralysis of the heart muscles |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - spinal cord injury |
|
Definition
| prevents nerve impulses from being transmitted below the level of the injury |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - spinal cord injury - paraplegia |
|
Definition
| A SCI below the cervical vertebrae results in paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the Muscular System - spinal cord injury - quadriplegia |
|
Definition
| a SCI involving the cervical vertebrae causes paralysis of all four limbs |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic procedures of the muscular system - deep tendon reflexes |
|
Definition
| use of reflex hammer to test reflexes |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic procedures of the muscular system - electromyography |
|
Definition
| diagnostic test that measures electrical activity within muscle fibers |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic procedures of the muscular system - electromyogram |
|
Definition
| resulting record of electromyography |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic procedures of the muscular system - electroneuromyography |
|
Definition
| also known as nerve conduction studies, used to determine the site of a nerve lesion or muscle pathology |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic procedures of the muscular system - range of motion testing |
|
Definition
| diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Medications - anti-inflammatory |
|
Definition
| Ibuprofen (Motrin) relieves inflammation and acts as an analgesic |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Medications - anticholinergic |
|
Definition
| also known as an antispasmodic, controls muscle spasms |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Medications - atropine - |
|
Definition
| preoperative medicine to relax smooth muscles |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Medications - muscle relaxants |
|
Definition
| Valium (diazepam) acts on the central nervous system to relax muscles, also relieves anxiety and tension |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Medications - neuromuscular blocker |
|
Definition
| also known as a neuromuscular blocking agent, is a drug used as an adjunct with anesthesia as it temporarily paralyzes the nerves stimuli to muscles |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Physical Therapy - |
|
Definition
| treatment to prevent disability or restore function through exercise, heat, massage, etc. |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Physical Therapy - range of motion exercises |
|
Definition
| one form of PT, goal is to increase strength, flexibility and mobility |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Physical Therapy - therapeutic ultrasound |
|
Definition
| the use of high-frequency sound waves generates heat deep within the muscle tissue |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Physical Therapy - activities of daily living |
|
Definition
| the minimum goal of PT, dressing, eating, toilet, personal hygiene |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Fascia - fasciotomy |
|
Definition
| the surgical incision through a fascia to relieve tension or pressure |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Fascia - fascioplasty |
|
Definition
| the surgical repair of a fascia |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Tendons - tenodesis |
|
Definition
| surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Tendons - tenotomy |
|
Definition
| also known as tendotomy, is the surgical division of a tendon for relief of a deformity caused by the abnomal shortening of a muscle |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Tendons - tenectomy |
|
Definition
| also known as a tenonectomy, surgical removal of part of a tendon, OR the surgical removal of a lesion from a tendon or a tendon sheath |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Tendons - tenolysis |
|
Definition
| to free a tendon from adhesions |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Tendons - tenoplasty |
|
Definition
| surgical repair of a tendon |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Tendons - tenorrhaphy |
|
Definition
| surgical suturing of a divided tendon |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Muscles - myectomy |
|
Definition
| surgical removal of a portion of a muscle |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Muscles - myoplasty |
|
Definition
| surgical repair of a muscle |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Muscles - myorrhapy |
|
Definition
| surgical suturing of a muscle wound |
|
|
Term
| Treatment procedures of the Muscular System - Muscles - myotomy |
|
Definition
| surgical incision into a muscle |
|
|
Term
| Muscular System - How Muscles are Named - named for strange reason - hamstrings |
|
Definition
| three separate muscles at the back of the upper leg |
|
|
Term
| Medical Specialties Related to the Muscular System - rheumatologist |
|
Definition
| specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases, inflammations of the connective tissues |
|
|
Term
flexor carpi extensor carpi |
|
Definition
| the muscles that allow bending of the wrist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pectoral muscle of the chest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
