Term
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Definition
the more moveable bone is referred to as the _____;
tends to be closer to the distal end |
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Term
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Definition
moves toward the more stable bone;
tends to be closer to the trunk |
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Term
reversal of muscle action |
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Definition
when the origin moves toward the insertion |
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Term
What are seven different ways a muscle derives its name? |
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Definition
1. Location
2. Shape
3. Action
4. Number of heads or divisions
5. Attachments=origin/insertion
6. Direction of the fibers
7. Size of the muscle
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Term
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Definition
| fibers tend to be longer and thus have greater range of motion potential |
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Term
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Definition
| fibers that tend to be shorter but are more numerous per give area than parallel fibers, which means they tend to have a greater strength potential but a smaller ROM potential than parallel-fibered muscles |
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Term
| name the four different parallel fibers |
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Definition
| strap, fusiform, rhomboidal, triangular |
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Term
| name the three different oblique fibers |
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Definition
| unipennate, bipennate, multipennate |
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Term
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Definition
muscles that are long and then with fibers running the entire length of the muscles
ex: sartorius muscle in the LE |
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Term
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Definition
spindle-shaped muscle fiber that is wider in the middle and tapers at both ends where it attaches to tendons; this muscle may be any size, from long to short or large to small
ex:elbow flexors (biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis) |
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Term
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Definition
a four-sided muscle, usually flat, with broad attachments at each end
ex: pronator quadratus, rhomboids, gluteus maximus |
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Term
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Definition
muscles that are flat and fan-shaped, with fibers radiating from a narrow attachment at one end to a broad attachment at the other
ex: pectoralis major |
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Term
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Definition
series of short fibers attaching diagonally along the length of a central tendon; they look like one side of a feather
ex: tibialis posterior, semimembranosus of the hip and knee |
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Term
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Definition
its fibers are obliquely attached to both sides of a central tendon; looks like a common feather
ex: rectus femoris |
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Term
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Definition
these muscles have many tendons with oblique fibers in between
ex: deltoids, subscapularis |
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Term
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Definition
| the length of a muscle when it is unstimulated |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscles ability to respond to a stimulus; this can be a natural stimulus from a motor nerve or an artificial stimulus such as from an electrical current |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscles ability to shorten or contract when it receives adequate stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscle's ability to stretch or lengthen when a force is applied |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscle's ability to recoil or return to normal resting length when the stretching or shortening force is removed |
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Term
| The properties of a muscle are as follows: |
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Definition
| Stretch a muscle, and it will lengthen (extensibility). Remove the stretch, and it will return to its normal resting position (elasticity). Stimulate a muscle, and it will respond (irritability) by shortening (contractility); then remove the stimulus and it will return to its normal resting position (elasticity). |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the force built up w/in a muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| stretching a muscle builds up ____ tension, much like stretching a rubber band; it involves the non-contractile units of a muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| comes from the contractile units and can be compared to releasing one end of a stretched rubber band |
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Term
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Definition
| the slight tension that is present in a muscle at all times, even when the muscle is resting |
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Term
| How much can a muscle generally be shortened? |
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Definition
| to one-half of its normal resting length |
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Term
| twice as far as it can be shortened |
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Definition
| How far can a muscle be stretched? |
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Term
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Definition
| the distance of a muscle from maximum elongation to maximum shortening |
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Term
| When is a muscle its strongest? |
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Definition
| It has been demonstrated that a muscle is strongest if put on a stretch prior to contracting. |
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Term
| Does a one-joint muscle have the advantage over a two-joint muscle, or vice versa? Why? |
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Definition
| Two-joint muscles have the advantage over one-joint muscles in that thy maintain greater contractile force through a wider range. They do so by contracting over one joint while being elongated over another. |
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Term
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Definition
| the point at which a muscle cannot shorten any father is called ___ ____ |
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Term
| Does active insufficiency occur to the agonist or antagonist? |
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Definition
| Agonist (the muscle that is contracting) |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when a muscle cannot be elongated any farther w/o damage to its fibers |
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Term
| Does passive insufficiency occur to the agonist or antagonist? |
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Definition
| Antagonist (the muscle that is relaxed and on the opposite side of the joint from the agonist) |
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Term
| Does an antagonist become passively insufficient before an agonist becomes actively insufficient or vice versa? |
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Definition
| An agonist becomes actively insufficient before an antagonist becomes passively insufficient. |
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