Term
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Definition
origin: from the occipital bone, nuchal ligament, and Cv7-Tv12 spinous processes
Insertsion: lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula |
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Term
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Definition
Acts to suspend the shoulder girdle, elevate and depress the scapula, rotate the glenoid cavity upward, and retract the scapula
Is innervated by the accessory nerve (CN XI) |
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Term
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Definition
origin: from the spinous processes of Tv6-sacral vertebrae via thoracolumbar fascia, the posterior 1/3 of the iliac crest, and last 3-4 ribs
Insertsion: into the intertubercular groove of the humerus |
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Term
| Latissimus Dorsi action and NI |
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Definition
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm; acting via the humerus, it also depresses the shoulder (e.g., chin-ups)
Is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve (C6,7,8) |
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Term
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Definition
origin: from the transverse processes of vertebrae Cv1-4
Insertsion: into the medial border of the scapula above the spine |
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Term
| Levastor scapulae action and NI |
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Definition
Elevates the scapula and downwardly rotates its glenoid cavity
Is innervated by spinal nerves C3-4 and the dorsal scapular nerve (C5) |
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Term
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Definition
origin: from the lower nuchal ligament and Cv7-Tv1
Insertion: on the medial border of the scapula at the level of the spine |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: lower nuchal ligament and Tv2-5
insertion: medial boarder of scapula below the spine |
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Term
| Rhomboid minor and major action and NI |
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Definition
Retract (adduct) and slightly elevate the scapula and downwardly rotate it
Are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve (C5) |
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Term
| Serratus posterior superior O&I |
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Definition
which
Passes from the nuchal ligament and Tv1-3 to ribs 2-5 |
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Term
| Serratus posterior superior action and NI |
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Definition
elevates the upper ribs
intervated by segmental anterior rami of spinal nerves |
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Term
| serratus posterior inferior O&I |
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Definition
| Passes from Tv11-Lv2 to ribs 9-12 |
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Term
| serratus posterior inferior action & NI |
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Definition
depresses the lower ribs
inervated by segmental anterior rami of spinal nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| Passes from the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of Cv7-Tv3 to the mastoid process (temporal bone) and occipital bone |
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Term
| splenius capitis action & NI |
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Definition
Rotates the head and flexes the head and neck toward the same (ipsilateral) side
posterior rami of SNs |
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Term
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Definition
| Takes origin from Tv3-6 and inserts on the transverse processes of Cv1-3 |
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Term
| splenius cervicis action and NI |
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Definition
Rotates the head and neck and flexes toward the same side
posterior rami of SNs |
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Term
| erector spinae muscles origin |
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Definition
| iliac crest, posterior sacrum, lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament |
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Term
| erector spinae muscles action and NI |
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Definition
Acting bilaterally, extends the vertebral column; contracting unilaterally, it bends the vertebral column toward the same side (lateral flexion); acting unilaterally, the longissimus capitis bends the head and rotates the face to the contracting side
posterior rami of SNs |
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Term
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Definition
Is the lateral column of the erector spinae
Basically runs along the angles of ribs and to transverse processes of cervical vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
Is the intermediate column of the erector spinae
Basically runs along the tips of the transverse processes of vertebrae; its capitis part inserts into the mastoid process of the temporal bone |
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Term
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Definition
Is the medial column of erector spinae
Is the smallest and least developed part; the spinalis capitis blends with the semispinalis capitis and can’t be distinguished from it |
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Term
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Definition
Consists of three layers of muscles
Runs from the tips of transverse processes (or articular or mammillary processes) superomedially to the spinous processes of higher vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| Acting bilaterally, extends the vertebral column; acting unilaterally, it rotates the column toward the contralateral side |
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Term
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Definition
most superficial of the transversopinalis muscles
Has fascicles that span 4-6 segments; semispinalis capitis inserts on the occipital bone; semispinalis cervicis inserts on the spinous process of the axis (Cv2) |
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Term
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Definition
Takes origin from the sacrum and transverse processes of lumbar through lower cervical vertebrae
Has fascicles that span 2-4 segments to insert on spinous processes of Lv5-Cv2
Is best developed in the lumbar region |
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Term
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Definition
Are the deepest layer of transversospinal muscles
Are present from the sacrum to Cv2
Span 1 (rotatores brevis) or 2 (rotatores longus) segments |
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Term
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Definition
Are small intrinsic back muscles in the upper neck; they are mainly postural muscles and may function in proprioception
Are innervated by the posterior ramus of spinal nerve C1 (suboccipital nerve)
Form a suboccipital triangle on each side |
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Term
| Rectus capitis posterior major O&I |
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Definition
| runs from the spinous process of Cv2 (axis) to the occipital bone; |
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Term
| Rectus capitis posterior major action |
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Definition
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Term
| Obliquus capitis inferior O&I |
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Definition
| which passes from the spinous process of Cv2 to the transverse process of Cv1 (atlas); |
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Term
| Obliquus capitis inferior action |
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Definition
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Term
| Obliquus capitis superior O&I |
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Definition
| which runs from the transverse process of Cv1 to the occipital bone; |
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Term
| Obliquus capitis superior action |
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Definition
| extends and laterally bends head |
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Term
| rectus capitis posterior minor O&I |
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Definition
| which runs from the posterior tubercle of Cv1 to the occipital bone |
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Term
| rectus capitis posterior minor action |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
clavicular head-from the medial 1/3 of the clavicle
A sternocostal head-from the sternum, costal cartilages 2-6, and the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis
Insertion-crest of the greater tubercle of humerus/ lateral lip of intertubercular groove |
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Term
| Pectoralis Major action and NI |
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Definition
Contracts to adduct, medially rotate, and flex (clavicular head) or extend (sternocostal head) the arm, depending on position
Is innervated by the lateral and medial pectoral nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| Takes origin from ribs 3-5 and inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula |
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Term
| Pectoralis minor action and NI |
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Definition
Acts to draw the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
Is supplied by the medial pectoral nerve, which usually pierces it to reach the pectoralis major |
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Term
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Definition
Takes origin from the upper 8-9 ribs
Inserts on the ventral surface of the whole medial border of the scapula, with approximately half of the muscle inserting on or near the inferior angle |
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Term
| Serratus anterior action & NI |
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Definition
Keep the scapula closely applied to the chest wall
Draw the scapula forward around the curvature of the chest wall (protraction) when the upper extremity reaches forward
Rotate the glenoid cavity upward in flexion and abduction of the arm
Is innervated by the long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7) |
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Term
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Definition
Takes origin from the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula
Inserts into the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus |
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Term
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Definition
Abduct the arm after the first 15°
Flex and medially rotate the arm (clavicular portion)
Extend and laterally rotate the arm (spinous portion)
Is innervated by the axillary nerve (C5,6) |
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Term
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Definition
Takes origin from the supraspinous fossa and from overlying fascia
Inserts into the greater tubercle of the humerus |
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Term
| Supraspinatus action and NI |
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Definition
Initiate abduction of the humerus (first 15°)
Help stabilize the head of the humerus in the shallow glenoid cavity
Is innervated by the suprascapular nerve (C5,6) |
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Term
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Definition
Takes origin from the infraspinous fossa and from overlying fascia
Inserts into the greater tubercle of the humerus |
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Term
| Infraspinatus action & NI |
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Definition
Laterally rotates the humerus and helps stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity
Is innervated by the suprascapular nerve |
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Term
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Definition
Has an origin from the middle third of the lateral border of the scapula
Inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus, |
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Term
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Definition
Acts to laterally rotate the humerus and to help stabilize the head of the humerus
Is innervated by the axillary nerve |
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Term
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Definition
Takes origin from the inferior third of the lateral border and inferior angle of the scapula
Inserts into the crest of the lesser tubercle (medial lip of intertubercular sulcus) of the humerus |
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Term
| Teres major action and NI |
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Definition
Is a reserve muscle that adducts, medially rotates, and extends the arm against resistance
Is innervated by the lower subscapular nerve (C5,6) |
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Term
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Definition
Has an origin from the subscapular fossa of the scapula
Passes anterior to the shoulder joint to insert into the lesser tubercle of the humerus |
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Term
| Subscapularis action & NI |
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Definition
Medially rotates the humerus and helps stabilize its head in the glenoid cavity
Is innervated by the upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,6) |
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Term
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Definition
Has a long head from the supraglenoid tubercle and a short head from the coracoid process of the scapula
Attaches distally to the radial tuberosity and through the bicipital aponeurosis to deep fascia of the forearm (antebrachial fascia) |
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Term
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Definition
| Flexes and supinates the forearm; it also helps to flex the arm |
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Term
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Definition
| Passes from the distal half of the humerus to the coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna |
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Term
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Definition
| Flexes the forearm in all positions (i.e., pronation or supination) |
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Term
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Definition
| Extends from the coracoid process to the middle third of the shaft of the humerus |
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Term
| coracobrachialis action and NI |
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Definition
Usually is pierced by the musculocutaneous nerve, which is a useful landmark
Helps flex and adduct the arm |
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Term
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Definition
Has a long head (LH) from the infraglenoid tubercle, and lateral (Lat) and medial heads from above and below the radial groove, respectively
Inserts into the olecranon process of the ulna |
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Term
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Definition
| Extends the forearm at the elbow and helps extend the arm (long head) |
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