Term
| damage to peripheral nerves; presents with pins and needles or numbness in the fingers and toes, muscle weakness or cramps; Nerve Conduction Studies will confirm the damage. |
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Definition
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Term
| unilateral lower motor neuron of CN VII which may be associated with HHV type 6 or Lyme disease; presents with the inability to smile and wrinkle the forehead on one side with ipsilateral loss of taste and hyperacusis on the same side. |
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Definition
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Term
| compression of the cauda equine by an intrathecal mass; presents with low back pain, problems with bladder or bowel control and loss of sensation over the perianal region-saddle anesthesia; CT scan and MRI will confirm the presence of a mass in the lumbar spinal canal. |
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Definition
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Term
| motor deficit as a result of cerebral ischemia due to intra-uterine injury; presents with delayed motor milestones and spastic gait. |
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Definition
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Term
| damage to the spinal cord due to a space-occupying lesion such as disc hernaition, tumor, abscess or very large osteophytes encroaching into the spinal canal; presents with clumsiness of fine motor activity of the fingers and difficulty in walking due to a lower motor neuron in the upper limb and an upper motor neuron lesion in the lower limb, Lhermitte’s sign may be positive, Babinski sign may be present. MRI of the spine will identify the cause and confirm the compression of the spinal cord. |
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Definition
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Term
| hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with peroneal muscle atrophy; may present with wasted peroneal muscles, high arch and claw toes along with loss of touch in the feet and legs along with the hands and arms. |
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Definition
| Charcot Marie Tooth disease: |
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Term
| Sudden onset of neurological deficits due to disruption of the blood supply of the brain; presents with sudden onset of unilateral muscle weakness in the face [while retaining the ability to wrinkle the eyebrow] or the upper/lower limbs [upper motor neuron type] with or without sensory loss; CT scan and MRI will show the affected area and extent of the damage. |
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Definition
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Term
| excessive cortisol secretion may be due to an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma or exogenous steroids; presents with truncal obesity, moon face, buffalo hump, purple abdominal striae with recurrent infections; hypokalemia, hypernatremia, elevated cortisol levels; CT scan of the skull or abdomen may show the secreting tumor in the sella turcica or the abdomen tumor. |
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Definition
| Cushing’s disease/syndrome: |
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Term
| traction trauma during a vertex delivery to the upper roots of the brachial plexus; presents with the affected limb held in extension, with the forearm in pronation and the wrist in slight flexion. |
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Definition
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Term
| damage to the peripheral nerves; presents with pins and needles and later pain or numbness in the fingers and toes; HbAIC will be elevated. |
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Definition
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