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| following ones fancy; at the whim of the performer |
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| a duet or, two performers play part in unison |
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| tempo at the discretion of the performer (rubato) |
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| Accelerando (It), presses (Fr) |
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| quickening; gradual speeding up |
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| with ease, elegance; pleasing; agreeable |
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| agitated, hurried, restless |
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| Am Frosch (Gr), a la hausse (Fr) |
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| play at the frog of the bow |
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| charming, amiable, gracious |
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| passionately, with intense emotion |
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| Assai (It) , molto (It), très (Fr), sehr (Gr) , ganz (Gr) |
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| much, very much, rather much, etc. |
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| decrease in volume and tempo |
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| hurrying, pressing forward |
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| Calmando (It), Calmato (It) |
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| become calm, quiet, tranquil |
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| Caminando (It) with ease; gentle; |
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| with ease; gentle;flowing |
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| Cantabile (It), cantando (It) |
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| Cédez (Fr) , poco ritardando (It) |
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| play with the wood of the bow, not the hair |
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| Colla voce (It), colla parte (It) |
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| following the soloist in a free manner |
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| perform in a comfortable manner (usually a comfortably fast tempo) |
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| Con (It), avec (Fr), mit (Gr) |
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| in a sorrowful, mournful manner |
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| small improvisatory section; mini cadenza, elaboration |
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| to slacken the time and volume; dying away |
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| Play with ease, lightness |
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| Fierament (It) fiero, fiere |
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| proud, haughtly, bold manner |
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| attack the written note and immediately decrease in volume |
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| Forzando (It), forzato, fz, sf, ffz |
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| play a specific note or chord with great |
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| in a wild, furious manner |
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| moderately slow tempo (like andante) |
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| graceful, smooth, elegant |
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| full, great, grand, magnificent |
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| Heftig (Gr), impetuoso (It) |
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| vehement, boisterous, impetuous |
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| restless, agitated, uneasy |
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| Istesso (It) listesso tempo, lo stesso tempo |
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| keep the beat the same throughout, even if time signature changes |
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| let it vibrate, let the sound die away without dampening |
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| perform with a broad, full sound |
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| coaxing, flattering, caressing, alluring |
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| Manus dexter, m.d. (Latin) |
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| Manus sinister, m.s. (Latin) |
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| stately, majestic, dignified |
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| decreasing in volume; die away |
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| marked, accented, emphatic, stressed |
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| hammered; forceful, detached touch on the piano |
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| Meno mosso (It) or più lento |
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| less motion; slower tempo |
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| sad, mournful, melancholy |
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| half-voice, i.e. perform in a quiet, restrained manner |
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| dying away; diminish in tone and tempo |
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| motion; con moto = with motion, or quickly |
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| perpetual motion; a term used to describe rapidly executed and persistently maintained figuration |
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| Non troppo (It), pas trop (fr) |
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| otherwise, i.e., to perform a passage in an alternate manner (usually simplified) |
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| declamatory, speaking style |
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| written or improvised passage, - or a transition or modulation in a composition |
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| use the damper pedal on piano (the on the right) |
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| gradually diminishing in volume, rhgradually diminishing in volume, rhythm (tempo) and tone; to die awayythm |
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| heavy and ponderous; with importance and weight |
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| Più (It), plus (Fr), (suffix) er [Gr] |
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| Piu animato (It), più mosso, più allegro |
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| Un poco (It), un peu (Fr), ein wenig (Gr) |
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| A poco a poco (It), peu à peu (Fr), allmählich (Gr) |
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| little by little; gradually, a little at a time |
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| sliding between two pitches |
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| gradually diminish in volume, growing gentler, sweeter, calmer |
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| sudden slowing down; held back; maintain this tempo until a tempo or other tempo change it doesnt continue to slow down |
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| to rob, or steal the time; flexibility of tempo by pushing forward or pulling back |
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| Rinforzando (It), rinforzato, rfz |
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| emphasis or accent applied in a passage or a small group of notes |
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| in a rustic, rural manner |
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| a leaping, skipping bowing technique |
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| playful, merry, lively, animated |
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| dragging; nicht schleppend = do not drag |
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| spirited; mit schwungfoll with spirit |
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| as follows; i.e. perform a passage in a similar manner as the one that preceded it |
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| with strictness, severity |
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| Sforzando, sforzato, sf, sff, sfff, sffz, sfffz, sfp (It) |
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| to perform a note or chord with emphasis, followed immediately with a decrease in loudness |
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| relax the tempo; become slower |
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| softly, gently, muffled, dampened |
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| subdued, sighing, doleful |
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| under the voice, i.e., perform in a quiet manner, almost a whisper |
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| separated, detached bow stroke using tip of bow |
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| melody is spoken at approximate pitches rather than sung at exact pitches |
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| pressing forward; accelerate the tempo |
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| at, on, over, on the, near the |
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| Sul ponticello (It), sur le chavalet (Fr) |
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| at the bridge (stringed instruments) |
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| Sul tastiera (It), sur la touché (Fr) |
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| at the fingerboard (stringed instruments) |
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| just time - in strict time; or return to regular tempo |
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| holding back (similar to ritardando), but with a sustained quality |
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| silent, i.e., do not play for an entire section or movement |
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| indicates to the continuo performer that the bass note should be performed solo, without harmonization |
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| low, deep, weighty, profound |
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| study, technical exercise |
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| lively, animated; slightly more animated than vivace |
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| time; prima volta = first time; seconda volta = second time |
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| Volti (v.s. or subito volti) |
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| turn the page of the music; subito volti turn quickly! |
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| tenderly, delicately, softly |
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| Arpègement (Fr), Brechung (Gr) |
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| Petites notes (Fr), kurz Vorschläge (Gr) |
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| Brisé (Fr), Doppelschlag (Gr), grupetto (It) |
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| Pincé (Fr), Pralltriller (Gr) |
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