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Multiple Choice
Written Examination Study Questions
142
Aviation
Not Applicable
07/06/2012
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Term
The acute angle A is the angle of...
 Definition
attack
Term
The term "angle of attack" is defined as the angle...
 Definition
between the wing chord line and the relative wind.
Term
The angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the relative wind is known as the angle of...
 Definition
attack
Term
Angle of attack is defined as the angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the...
 Definition
direction of the relative wind.
Term
Which statement relates to Bernoulli's principle?
 Definition
Air traveling faster over the curved upper sufrace of an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface.
Term
The four forces acting on an airplane in flight are...
 Definition
lift, weight, thrust, and drag.
Term
What is the purpose of the rudder on an airplane?
 Definition
The purpose of the rudder is to control yaw.
Term
What is the relationship of lift, drag, thrust, and weight when the airplane is in straight-and-level flight?
 Definition
lift equals weight and thrust equals drag.
Term
When are the four forces that act on an airplane in equilibrium?
 Definition
during unaccelerated flight.
Term
An airplane said to be inherently stable will...
 Definition
require less effort to control.
Term
What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane?
 Definition
The location of the CG with respect to the center of lift.
Term
What causes an airplane (except a T-tail) to pitch nosedown when power is reduced and controls are not adjusted?
 Definition
The downwash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced.
Term
An airplane has been loaded in such a maner that the CG is located aft of the aft CG limit. One undesirable flight characteristic a pilot might experience with this airplane would be...
 Definition
difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition.
Term
Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be...
 Definition
less stable at all speeds.
Term
Changes in the center of pressure of a wing affect the aircraft's...
 Definition
aerodynamic balance and controllability.
Term
The amount of excess load that can be imposed on the wing of an airplane depends upon the...
 Definition
speed of the airplane.
Term
Which basic flight maneuver increases the load factor on an airplane as compared to straight-and-level flight?
 Definition
turns.
Term
What force makes an airplane turn?
 Definition
the horizontal component of lift.
Term
During an approach to a stall, an increased load factor will cause the airplane to...
 Definition
stall at a higher airspeed.
Term
Select the four flight fundamentals involved in maneuvering an aircraft.
 Definition
Straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents.
Term
If an emergency situation requires a downwind landing, pilots should expect a faster...
 Definition
groundspeed at touchdown, a longer ground roll, and the likelihood of overshooting the desired touchdown point.
Term
As altitude increases, the indicated airspeed at which a given airplane stalls in a particular configuration will...
 Definition
remain the same regardless of altitude. (true airspeed does not increase or decrease with increased altitude)
Term
In what flight condition must an aircraft be placed in order to spin?
 Definition
stalled.
Term
During a spin to the left, which wing(s) is/are stalled?
 Definition
One wing is less stalled than the other, but both wings are stalled in a spin.
Term
The angle of attack at which an airplane wing stalls will...
 Definition
remain the same regardless of gross weight.
Term
One of the main functions of flaps during approach and landing is to...
 Definition
increase the angle of descent without increasing the airspeed.
Term
What is one purpose of wing flaps?
 Definition
To enable the pilot to make steeper approaches to a landing without increasing the airspeed.
Term
Ground effect is most likely to result in which problem?
 Definition
settling to the surface abruptly during landing.
Term
What is ground effect?
 Definition
The result of the interference of the surface of the Earth with the airflow patterns about an airplane.
Term
Floating caused by the phenomenon of ground effect will be most realized during an approach to land when at...
 Definition
less than the length of the wingspan above the surface.
Term
What must a pilot be aware of as a result of ground effect?
 Definition
Induced drag decreases; therefore, any excess speed at the point of flare may cause considerable floating.
Term
Which is a result of the phenomenon of ground effect?
 Definition
The angle of attack generating lift is increased.
Term
The airspeed range to avoid while flying in ground effect is...
 Definition
40MPH and above.
Term
When landing behind a large aircraft, which procedure should be followed for vortex avoidance?
 Definition
Stay above its final approach flightpath all the way to touchdown.
Term
How does the wak turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip?
 Definition
Outward, upward, and around each tip.
Term
When taking off or landing at an airport where heavy aircraft are operating, one should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this turbulence tends to...
 Definition
sink into the flightpath of aircraft operating below the aircraft generating the turbulence.
Term
Wingtip vortices are created only when an aircraft is...
 Definition
developing lift.
Term
The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is...
 Definition
heavy, clean, and slow.
Term
Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to...
 Definition
sink below the aircraft generating turbulence.
Term
The wind condition that requires maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is a...
 Definition
light, quartering tailwind.
Term
When landing behind a large aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by staying...
 Definition
Above the large aircraft's final approach path and landing beyond the large aircraft's touchdown point.
Term
When departing behind a heavy aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by maneuvering the aircraft...
 Definition
above and upwind from the heavy aircraft.
Term
One purpose of the dual ignition system on an aircraft engine is to provide for...
 Definition
improved engine performance.
Term
An electrical system failure (battery and alternator) occurs during flight. In this situation, you would...
 Definition
experience avionics equipment failure.
Term
The operating principle of float-type carburetors is based on the...
 Definition
difference in air pressure at the venturi throat and the air inlet.
Term
The basic purpose of adjusting the fuel/air mixture at altitude is to...
 Definition
decrease the fuel flow in order to compensate for decreased air density.
Term
While cruising at 9,500 feet MSL, the fuel/air mixture is properly adjusted. What will occur if a descent to 4,500 MSL is made without readjusting the mixture?
 Definition
The fuel/air mixture may become excessively lean.
Term
During the run-up at a hight-elevation airport, a pilot notes a slight engine roughness that is not affected by the magneto check but grows worse during the carburetor heat check. Under these circumstances, what would be the most logical initial action?
 Definition
Check the results obtained with a leaner setting of the mixture.
Term
If an aircraft is equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller and a float-type carburetor, the first indication of carburetor ice would most likely be...
 Definition
loss of RPM.
Term
The presence of carburetor ice in an aircraft equipped with a fixed pitch propeller can be verified by applying carburetor heat and noting...
 Definition
a decrease in RPM and then a gradual increase in RPM.
Term
Which condition is most favorable to the development of carburetor icing?
 Definition
Temperature between 20 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit and hight humidity.
Term
The possibility of carburetor icing exists even when the ambient air temperature is as...
 Definition
high as 70 degrees Fahrenheit and the relative humidity is high.
Term
Applying carburetor heat will...
 Definition
enrich the fuel/air mixture.
Term
What change occurs in the fuel/air mixture when carburetor heat is applied?
 Definition
The fuel/air mixture becomes more rich.
Term
Generally speaking, the use of carburetor heat tends to...
 Definition
decrease engine performance.
Term
On aircraft equipped with fuel pumps, when is the auxiliary electric driven pump used?
 Definition
In the event engine-driven fuel pump fails.
Term
Which regard to carburetor ice, float-type carburetor systems in comparison to fuel injection systems are generally considered to be...
 Definition
more susceptibel to icing.
Term
If the grade of fuel used in an aircraft engine is lower than specified for the engine, it will most likely cause...
 Definition
detonation.
Term
Detonation may occur at high-power settings when...
 Definition
the fuel mixture ignites instantaneously instead of burning progressively and evenly.
Term
Detonation occurs in a reciprocating aircraft engine when...
 Definition
the unburned charge in the cylinders explodes instead of burning normally.
Term
The uncontrolled firing of the fuel/air charge in advance of normal spark ignition is known as...
 Definition
pre-ignition.
Term
What type of fuel can be substituted for an aircraft if the recommended octane is not available?
 Definition
The next higher octane aviation gas.
Term
Filling the fuel tanks after the last flight of the day is considered a good operating procedure because this will...
 Definition
prevent moisture condensation by eliminating airspace in the tanks.
Term
If a pilot suspects that the engine (with a fixed-pitch propeller) is detonating during a climb-out after takeoff, the initial corrective action to take would be to...
 Definition
lower the nose slightly to increase the airspeed.
Term
Excessively high engine temperatures will...
 Definition
cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage.
Term
Excessively hight engine temperatures, either in the air or on the ground, will...
 Definition
cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage.
Term
If the engine oil temperature and cylinder head temperature gauges have exceeded their normal operating range, the pilot may have been operating with...
 Definition
too much power and with the mixture set too lean.
Term
Which would most likely cause hte cylinder head temperature and engine oil temperature to exceed their normal operating ranges?
 Definition
Using fuel that has a lower-than-specified fuel rating.
Term
For internal cooling, reciprocating aircraft engines are especially dependent on...
 Definition
the circulation of lubricating oil.
Term
An abnormally high engine oil temperature indication may be caused by...
 Definition
the oil level being too low.
Term
What action can a pilot take to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating during a climb?
 Definition
reduce rate of climb and increase airspeed.
Term
What is one procedure to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating?
 Definition
open the cowl flaps, increase airspeed, enrich the mixture, or reduce the power.
Term
How is engine operation controlled on an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller?
 Definition
The throttle controls power output as registered on the manifold pressure gauge and the propeller control regulates engine RPM.
Term
What is an advantage of a constant speed propeller?
 Definition
Permits the pilot to select the blad angle for the most efficient performance.
Term
A precaution for the operation of an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller is to...
 Definition
avoid high manifold pressure settings with low RPM.
Term
In what flight condition is torque effect the greatest in a single-engine airplane?
 Definition
low airspeed, high power, high angle of attack.
Term
The left turning tendency of an airplane caused by P-factor is the result of the
 Definition
propeller blade descending on the right, producing more thrust than the ascending blade on the left.
Term
When does P-factor cause the airplane to yaw to the left?
 Definition
When at high angles of attack.
Term
During the preflight inspection who is responsible for determining the aircraft is safe for flight?
 Definition
The pilot in command.
Term
How should an aircraft preflight inspection be accomplished for the first flight of the day?
 Definition
Thorough and systematic means recommended by the manufacturer.
Term
Who is primarily responsible for maintaining an aircraft in airworthy condition?
 Definition
Owner of operator.
Term
Which instrument will become inoperative if the pitot tube becomes clogged?
 Definition
airspeed.
Term
Which instrument(s) will become inop if the static vents become clogged?
 Definition
airspeed indicator, altimeter, vertical speed indicator
Term
If the pitot tube and outside static become clogged, which instruments would be affected.
 Definition
The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator
Term
The pitot system provides impact pressure for which instrument?
 Definition
airspeed indicator
Term
Which V-speed represents maneuvering speed?
 Definition
V-A
Term
What does the red line on an airspeed indicator represent?
 Definition
never-exceed speed.
Term
Which color identifies the never-exceed speed?
 Definition
the red radial line
Term
Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed in a specified configuration
 Definition
The lower limit of the green arc
Term
Which would provide the greatest gain in altitude in the shortest distance during climb after takeoff?
 Definition
VX
Term
After takeoff, which airspeed would the pilot use to gain the most altitude in a given period of time?
 Definition
VY
Term
What is the full flap operating range for the airplane?
 Definition
60-110 mph (white arc)
Term
The maximum speed at which the airplane can be operated in smooth air?
 Definition
208mph
Term
What is the max flaps extended speed?
 Definition
110mph
Term
Which color identifies the normal flap operating range?
 Definition
the white arc
Term
Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed with wing flaps and landing gear in the landing configuration?
 Definition
the upper limit of the white ark
Term
What is the maximum structural cruising speed?
 Definition
165mph
Term
What is an important airspeed limitation that is not coded on airspeed indicators
 Definition
maneuvering speed
Term
which v-speed represents maximum flap extended speed?
 Definition
Vfe
Term
Which v speed represents maximum landing gear extended speed?
 Definition
vle
Term
Vno is identified as
 Definition
max structural cruising speed
Term
vso is defined as?
 Definition
minmum stall speed in landing configuration
Term
what is the caution range of the airplane
 Definition
165-208
Term
if an altimeter setting is not available before flight, to which altitude should the pilot adjust the altimeter?
 Definition
the elevation of the departure area
Term
prior to takeoff, the altimeter should be set to which altitude or altimeter setting?
 Definition
the current local altimeter setting, if available, or the departure airport elevation.
Term
At which altitude shall the altimeter be set to 29.92
 Definition
18000 MSL
Term
altimeter setting is the value to which the barometric pressure scale of the altimeter is set so the altimeter indicates
 Definition
true altitude at field elevation
Term
How do variations in the temperature affect te altimeter?
 Definition
pressure levels are raised on warm days and the indicated altitude is lower than true altitude.
Term
what is true altitude?
 Definition
the vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level
Term
under what condition will true altitude be lower than indicated altitude
 Definition
in colder than standard air temperature
Term
what is absolute altitude
 Definition
the vertical distance of the aircraft above the surface
Term
what is density altitude
 Definition
the pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature
Term
what is pressure altitude
 Definition
the altitude indicated when the barometric pressure scale is set to 29.92
Term
under what condition is indicated altitude the same as true altitude?
 Definition
when at sea level under standard conditions
Term
If it is necessary to set the altimeter from 29.15 to 29.85 what change occurs
 Definition
700 foot increase in indicated altitude
Term
under which condition will pressure altitude be equal to true altitude?
 Definition
when standard atmospheric conditions exist
Term
under what condition is pressure altitude and density altitude the same value?
 Definition
at standard temperature
Term
if a flight is made from an area of low pressure into an area of high pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate
 Definition
lower than actual altitude aove sea level
Term
if a flight is made from an area of hight pressure into an area of lower pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate..
 Definition
higher than actual altitude above sea level
Term
which condition would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than true altitude?
 Definition
air temp warmer than standard
Term
If a pilot changes the altimeter setting from 30.11 to 29.96 what is the approximate change in indication?
 Definition
altimeter will indicate 150 lower
Term
How should a pilot determine the direction of bank from an attitude indicator such as the one illustrated?
 Definition
by the relationship of the miniature airplane to the deflection horizon bar
Term
the turn coordinator provides an indication of the
 Definition
movement of the aircraft about the yaw and roll axis
Term
the proper adjustment to make on the attitude indicator during level flight is to align the
 Definition
miniature airplane to the horizon bar
Term
to receive accurate indications during flight from a heading indicator, the instrument must be
 Definition
periodically realigned with the magnetic compass as the gyro precesses
Term
deviation in a magnetic compass is caused by the
 Definition
magnetic fields within the aircraft distorting the lines of magnetic force
Term
the angular difference between true north and magnetic north is
 Definition
magnetic variation
Term
In the northern hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the north if
 Definition
an aircraft is accelerated while on an east or west heading
Term
in the northern hemisphere, the magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the south when...
 Definition
the aircraft is decelerated while on a west heading
Term
What should be the indication on the mag compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a south heading in the northern hemisphere?
 Definition
the compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring
Term
in the northern hemisphere, if an aircraft is accelerated or decelerate, the mag compass will normally indicate...
 Definition
correctly when on a north or south heading
Term
in the northern hemisphere, a mag compass will normally indicate initially a turn toward the west
 Definition
if a right turn is entered from a north heading
Term
in the northern hemisphere, a mag compass will normally indicate initially a turn toward the east if
 Definition
a left turn is entered from a north heading
Term
during flight, when are the indication of a magnetic compass accurate?
 Definition
only in straight-and-unaccelerated flight
Term
in the northern hemisphere, if a glider is accelerated or decelerated, the mag compass will indicate
 Definition
correctly only when on a north or south heading
Term
what documents must be in your personal possession or readily accessible in the aircraft while operating as pic of an aircraft?
 Definition
an appropriate pilot certificate and an appropriate current medical certificate if required.
Term
When must a current pilot certificate be in the pilot's personal possession or readily accessible in the aircraft?
 Definition
anytime when acting as pic or as a required crew member
Term
a rec or private pilot acting as pic or in any other capacity as a required pilot flight crew member, must have in their personal possession or realiy accessible in the aircraft a current
 Definition
medical certificate if require and an appropriate pilot certifiate.
Term
each person who holds a pilot certificate or a medical certificate shall present if for inspection upon the freques of an administrator, the natonal transporation safety board, or any
 Definition
federal, state, or local law enforcement officer
Term
a rec pilot acting as pic must have in his or her personal possession while aboard the aircrat
 Definition
a curren logbook endorsmem that permits flight within 50nm formt eh deperature airport
Term
to act a pic of an aircraft carrying passengers, a pilot must show by logbook endorsement the satisfacoty ocompeltion of flight review or compleiton of pilot proficiency check within
 Definition
24 calendar months
Term
if recency of experience reqires for night flight are not met and offical sunset is 1830, the altest time passengers may be carried is
 Definition
1929
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