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Multiculturalism
Final exam
38
Education
Graduate
02/09/2008

Additional Education Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Diverse
Definition
The state or fact of being different
Term
Culture
Definition
The values, symbols, interpretations, and perspectives that distinguish one people from another in modernized societies.
Term
Race
Definition

A group of persons related by common descent or heredity; the common being Caucasian, Negro, Asian, Native American, etc.

 

A population whose members share a greater degree of physical and genetic similiarity with one another. 

Term
Ethnicity
Definition
Ethnic traits, background, allegiance, or association
Term
The Christian World View
Definition
1. Where are we?
   In God's fallen creation, our world
2.  Who are we?
   God's image-bearers
3.  What's wrong?
   We have sinned;we have a sin nature
4 .  What's the remedy?
   God's son, Jesus, died & rose from the grave to 
   bring salvation
Term

Multicultural Competencies:

 

Awareness 

 

 

 

Definition

 You can identify the specific cultural group from which you derive your cultural heritage & the significant beliefs & attitudes held by those cultures that are assimilated into your own attitudes & beliefs & can recognize the impact of those beliefs on your ability to respect others who are different. 

   * Knowledge of how oppressions have affected you pesonnally & in your work 

    * Recognize areas of limitation & seek out educational, consultative, & training experiences 

Term

Multicultural Competencies:

 

Knowledge 

Definition
Understand the stereotypes & preconceived notions you hold about others
    *Possess knowledge & info. about the groups you are working with -nonverbal & verbal behavior, effects of the historical of contact with the dominant society, sociopolitical influences that impinge upon the life of ethnic & racial groups
    *Able to discuss recent research regarding mental health, career decision making, educ. & learning,etc.
Term

Multicultural Competencies:

 

Skill 

Definition
Demonstrate respect of others' religious and/or spiritual beliefs & values; knowledge of the generic characteristics of your profession that are class & culture bound & how those characteristics may clash with those culturally different from you.
    * Able to modify techniques & interventions to be more effective 
Term

Multicultural Competencies:

 

Experience 

Definition
Opportunities you have to interact with & serve those who are different from you.
Term
Multicultural Education
Definition
The idea that all students, regardless of their gender, social class & ethnic, racial or cultural characteristics should have an equal opportunity to learn in school.
Term
Acculturate
Definition
To maintain your traditional orientation & customs, cultural practices & values while blending into the dominant culture
Term
Assimilate
Definition
To exchange your native customs, cultural practices & values for those of the dominant culture- Abandon your culture for the dominant one.
Term
Multicultural Counseling
Definition

A helping role and process that uses modalities & defines goals consistent with the life experiences & cultural values of clients.

Balances the importance of individualism & collectivism in the assessment, diagnosis, & treatment of clients.

Term

Identity Development

(Definition)

Definition

* Validated self understanding that defines individuals

 

* Occurs within social context;first within family then outside  

     family

 

*Understand how racial/cultural identity develops is crucial as

  we strive to understand/intervene those we support

Term

 Racial/Cultural Dev. Model

 

Stage 1

Conformity

Definition

* Unequivocal preference for dominant cultural values over their own; white Americans are reference group; their own

  lifestyles, values, physical/cultural characteristics are less

  valued.

ex. An African American girl would want to play with white dolls

     rather than black ones.

* They have internalized society's definitions about their minority status in society.

Term

Racial/Cultural Dev. Model

 

Stage 2

Dissonance Stage

Definition

* Beliefs in the conformity stage are challenged & questioned,

  usually because of experiences/info. that contradicts those

   beliefs.

 

*There is increased awareness that racism exists; one can't

  escape their cultural heritage; not all aspects of minority/ majority culture are good/bad; stereotypes w/ other minority

  groups are challenged.

Term

Racial/Cultural Dev. Model

 

Stage 3

Resistance and Immersion Stage

Definition

* Rejecting of the dominant values, distance yourself from

  the dominant culture; complete endorsement of minority-held

  views; immerse yourself in your culture

* Sig. feelings of guilt/shame that you've "sold out" in the past,

  & contributed to the oppression of your minority

* Feel as though you have been brainwashed by white society,

   view white society as oppressors; may see anger here

* Focus on discovery of own culture; try to learn as much as

  you can

Term

Racial/Cultural Dev. Model

 

Stage 4

Introspection Stage

Definition

* Proactive effort to discover who you are;leads to positive

   self definition

* Views held in resistant & immersion stage no longer feel

   comfortable

* Individual & group views may conflict based on experience

* May be confused with conformity stage, but differs in

    motivation (no neg. sense of self) Diverse group of friends

*Indvidual autonomy surfaces;recognize many highly functional

  cultures in US

Term

Racial/Cultural Dev. Model

 

Stage 5

Integrative Awareness stage

Definition

* Develop an inner sense of security & can appreciate unique

   aspects of both cultures

* Conflicts that arose in previous stages are resolved

* Strong commitment & desire to eliminate all forms of oppression

 

**Few people reach this stage

**Balanced and healthy to be here

Term

White Indentity Development

 

What does it mean to be white?

Definition

* Typical responses: rather not talk about it; uncomfortable;

   react negatively to being labeled "White"

* Institutionalized & normative; may seem invisible

* May self identify w/ another culture (Irish, German)

* White Privilege- whiteness associated with unearned

    advantages conferred on White Americans but not

    people of color. ex. Locking your car doors:

                           White person- don't lock

                           Black person- do lock

Term

White Indentity Development

 

What does it mean to be white?

Definition

* Hinders one's ability to recognize & take responsibility for

   prejudices & biases

 

* Difficult for anyone to avoid inheriting racial biases,prejudices,

   misinformation, & stereotypes in our society

Term

Status of White Identity Dev.

 

Contact Status

Definition

* oblivious to racism;believes everyone has equal chance for

   success;lack understanding of discrimination/prejudice;minimal

   experience w/ people of color

 

* Does not see self as dominant group member

Term

Status of White Identity Dev.

 

Disintegration Status

Definition

* Obliviousness of contact stage breaks down; conflict arises;

over a moral dilemma;witnessing oppression or racism

 

* May experience feelings of guilt

 

*"I am not against interracial marriage, I just worry about the

   kids"

Term

Status of White Identity Dev.

 

Reintegration Status

Definition

* Go back to your beliefs about White superiority despite any

   prior experiences

* Idealizing the White group & positives of white culture;

   intolerance of other minority groups, blame them for their own

   problems

*"No one helped me when I came to this country"

Term

Status of White Identity Dev.

 

Pseudoindependence Status

Definition

* Defining a non-racist identity

* May be propelled to this stage by a painful/insightful

   encounter

* Attempt to understand racial,cultural differences;conscious

   decision to interact w/ minorities who are similar & help them

   adjust to white standards; may be an intellectual pursuit

Term

Status of White Identity Dev.

 

Immersion/Emmersion Status

Definition

* Continue exploring what it means to be White- Start having

   conversations w/out feeling uncomfortable

 

* Seeks understanding of the personal meaning of racism & how

   one benefits from White privilege

 

* Increased willingness to confront one's biases

Term

Status of White Identity Dev.

 

Autonomy Status

Definition

* Increasing awareness of one's Whiteness;decreased guilt;

   accept one's role in perpetuating racism;determination to

   abandon White entitlement

 

* Strong development of non-racist White identity

 

* Can explore racism & personal responsibility w/out

   defensiveness

Term

Defensive Functions of

African American Indentity

Definition

* Awareness that racism is part of American experience

* Recognize that regardless your place in society,you can be

   a target for racism

* Find fault w/ situation because of your race rather than

    fault w/ yourself

* Religious orientation prevents need to demonize whites; evil

  that is racism is human evil

Term

Defensive Functions of

African American Indentity

 

CAUTION!

Definition

* If defensive functions of Af.Am. identity are too active, the

   individual will see racism where it doesn't exist (can't make

   assumptions)

* If the defensive functions of Af.Am. are not developed enough

  the individual will not be prepared to deal with racism

 

**There is a double standard in the Af. Am. community

Term

Reference Group Functions of

African American Indentity

Definition

* Need to feel wanted,accepted,affiliated w/a group (ex.

   professional counselors, Christian, etc)


* For those whose Black Identity is their reference group, it is

   important to their well-being, purpose in life, & their sense of

   connection to other Blacks

Term

Strategies for working with

African Americans

Definition

* Identify family constellations: extended family, help w/ childrearing, strong

    work ethic, strong religious orientation, men more willing to share

    responsibilities assigned to women in the home

* Focus on religious aspects; enlist support of church/pastor

* Work through barriers

* Be an advocate

* Negotiate goals & expectations

* Consider racism being part of their problem

* Identify the degree to which they have adopted majority cultural values

Term
Tuskegee Experiment
Definition

* 1932-1972

* US Public Health Service

* 399 Af. Am. men w/ late stages of syphilis

* Sharecroppers from poorest counties in Alabama

* Never told what their disease was or how serious; told they

   were being treated for "bad blood"

* No real intent to cure them

* Goal: to collect data from autopsies to discover how syphilis

           affects Af.Am. as opposed to Whites

Term
Tuskegee Experiment
Definition

Goal: To collect data from autopsies of deceased men to

        discover how syphilis affects Af. Americans as opposed

        to Caucasians

 

Theory: Af. Americans experienced more cardiovascular damage;

           Caucasians more neurological complications

Term

Tuskegee Experiment


Outcome

Definition

* Nothing of value learned from experiment

* 28 men died as direct result from disease

* 100 died of complications

* 40 wives affected

* 19 children born w/ syphilis

* Source of distrust within Af. American community toward

   health care industry

Term

Working w/ African American

Men

 

Micro-Agressions

Definition

* Multiple subtle (or not so subtle) experiences w/ discrimination

   negatively impact self-esteem & can fuel intense anger

   toward Caucasians

Ex.

1. Someone locking their door when he crosses the street

2. Noticing a women clutch her purse when he gets on an

     elevator

3. Not allowed in a nightclub even though he is dressed like

    everyone else

Term
Living on the Down Low
Definition

* Book by J.L. King

 

* The need for gay Af. Am. men to keep their gay lifestyle

   secret;may maintain a heterosexual lifestyle in public while

   engaging in homosexual activities privately

 

* Terry McMillen and ex husband Jonathan Plummer

Term
Living on the Down Low
Definition

* Places unsuspecting wives at risk for sexually transmitted

  diseases

 

* Defies cultural/religious norms

 

* Fuels conflicts within Af. American community in regard for the

   lack of eligible Af. American men for the Af. American women

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