Classical & operatic influence

Reject status quo, working class, individualism

Started in England, moved to Los Angeles (probably because of Van Halen)

Iron Maiden

Black Sabbath

Led Zeppelin

Deep Purple

Alice Cooper

Came from Punk

Fast drumming

Slayer, Metallica, Megadeath

Started as Heavy Metal, changed to light metal 

1980s

New in the 1970s

Crime, negative things, suggestive content

Bronx, NY

Graffiti, break dancing, hip-hop

Poetry most important, then beat

Latin influence - from Jamaica

One of original Hip-Hop artists

Started using records/turntables as an instrument

Created/perfected art of spinning & scratching w/turntables

precursor to rap

civil rights movement

took speech/poetry & had musical background

talked about his experiences in jail

owned Sugar Hill Recors

started Sugar Hill Gang, "Rapper's Delight"

came up with term "Rap"

came from middle class, college educated

wanted to be Kings of Rock - also a song

up to now rap was a black genre

1st white rap group

supported Black Nationalism

very confrontational

picked up constructive cases

considered "mature rapper" compared to others

popular in 90s

wanted to be next Michael Jackson

sellout to some

White rapper

opened for MC Hammer, eventually outsold him

got in trouble for stealing from other writers

Irish rapper

Latvian DJ

PMRC

Parents Music Resource Center

lead by Tipper Gore

objected to lyrics, sexual content, violence

music industry fought beack - eventually self-monitor & label

senate hearings about censoring music

Madonna's "Justify My Love"

song written in reaction to Rodney King beating

led to boycott of Time Warner

"Move Somethin"

arrested for obscene music

Death Row - enemies with Bad Boy (Biggie & Puff)

"Hit em up" - insulted Biggie's wife

September 7, 1996 - Tupac killed in drive-by shooting

March 1997 - Biggie shot

e.g.. Royal wedding, Charlie Sheen

Music industry (or Hollywood) are behind it

Promote one superstar artist rather than several

With right agent & promoters mediocre artist can be a star

Started in Seattle

Large student population

Strong support for music in the city

Local radio stations played alternative music

             -KJET, KCMU, also 2 local periodicals

Repeat of what happened in the ‘50s

             -As soon as artists started to prove themselves popular, big labels      

                started signing them

Put own spin on hard rock style

Influenced by punk

Reacted against virtuosity

Created Grunge – interested in distortion

Songs slow, lyrics very dark

small label that supported the Grunge movement

founded by Bruce Pavitt & Jonathan Poneman

Kurt Cobain was lead - didn't care for fame

     -Had own genius though he used emotional contrast, tremendous emotional        

       range w/i songs

influenced by Punk & Heavy Metal, Sonic Youth & Leadbelly

"Smells Like Teen Spirit"

progressive musically & politically - active in environment, social, etc

"Losing My Religion" - banned in Ireland

        -Claim it's about unrequited love

MudHoney

Smashing Pumpkins

Alice in Chains

Nirvana

Pearl Jam

R.E.M.

in 80s promoters didn't try to cross lines w/audiences & genres

in Europe - started experimenting w/ putting things together that wouldn't normally go together

toured 21 cities, yearly event

featured Rap, Metal, Alternative

millions attended

supposed to be festival for alternative music - different genres together

by 1993 - corporate sponsorships, started to go mainstream

-Alternative Nation created to get back to alternative roots

2010 included Lada Gaga...not alternative.

Involved in Lollapalooza

Wrote song "Hurt" - covered by Johnny Cash

Acid Rock - very few chords

influenced by Metal & Rap

also on original Lollapalooza tour

combine Hip-Hop, Thrash, Rock, etc

influenced by Patti Smith, John Cage

1st record in 1981 - ignored by NY Press

1984 - tour of England

      -equipment malfunction --> destroyed instrument --> huge success

"Swimsuit Issue"

1995 - Lollapalooza

Screaming Trees

     Grunge, style inspired by Jimi Hendrix, sludge guitar style

Living Color

     Started as alternative group, went mainstream & did well

Faith No More

     "We Care A Lot" 

Country

concerts had "arena rock" feel

challenge accepted norms in Nashville

"We Shall Be Free" - Gospel/Blues influence

Country, Canadian

husband producer for Heavy Metal groups

stardom started before she toured - uncommon

Teen Idols - popular with girls, not so much boys

not the best musicians

Victoria Beckham!

management made them stars, not talent

"Wannabe"

1) "Walk This Way" with Run DMC

2) Columbia Records offered them $30 Million

   -inspired by Creedence Clearwater Revival

Electronic dance music

heavy on synthesizers & very heavy beat

from Chicago

credited with starting Techno

European

brought Techno back to the States

started in 90s

Woodstock '99 antithesis to previous Woodstock

Limp Bizkit

Vanilla Ice - turned to Rage Rock after he was a rapper

System of a Down - real message with the rage

1999 - year of the Latino musicians (population growing)

Ricky Martin

    "La Vida Loca" - Latin beat, Spanish lyrics in it

    -maintained "sexy" image, comes out of the closet later

Jennifer Lopez

    -played Selena in movie "Selena"

          -Queen of Tejano Music

          -Killed

festival for woman artists

more than 60 women

started in reaction to "guy" festivals like Lollapalooza